臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生質酒精可由澱粉類或纖維素成份原料分解成葡萄糖單位再進行發酵產生生質酒精，本實驗是以芒草為原料，芒草為禾本草本植物帶有大量的木質纖維素可做為生質酒精之基底，生長快速且容易生長做為生產酒精之原料極佳。
實驗所使用前處理是以硫酸鹽蒸煮法，先以NaOH及Na2S以硫化度25%，活性鹼20%配置蒸煮液，再取芒草粉及芒草片以三種不同固液比蒸煮，至於高溫爐中以150-165° C 蒸煮 3小時，將芒草中木質素脫去藉以分解出纖維素及半纖維素，破壞高分子結構形成小單位纖維素及木質素鏈結。
蒸煮後進行殘渣過濾再加入纖維水解酵素及纖維糖化酵素，置於恆溫水槽中以40°C放置72小時進行水解糖化反應生成葡萄糖，每24小時測量其糖度變化並記錄，最後再加入酵母水溶液，進行發酵反應，進而製成生質酒精。測量蒸煮前後之pH值及最佳溫度、進行水解糖化反應時之糖度變化、發酵後所生成生質酒精含量及生成物比例，最後在比較兩種鹼法蒸煮差異。

關鍵詞:芒草、硫酸鹽法、生質酒精、酵素水解、醱酵

Bio-ethanol can prepare by decomposing starch or cellulose into glucose units ingredients then fermented to produce bio-ethanol . The experiment is miscanthus as ethanol material, due to the nature of matter Wo miscanthus as lignin and cellulose with a lot of living to do the quality of the base alcohol , and a lot of other fast-growing , as the material for ethanol production is excellent choise.

Kraft pretreatment cooking method is used in this experiment . First , NaOH and Na2S 25% sulfidity , 20% active alkalinity to configure the cooking liquid , then take miscanthus powder and pieces to liquid three different ratio of adding cooking liquid cooked to 150-165 ℃ for 3 hours, cellulose and lignin cooking Miscanthus decomposition, destruction of the polymer structure of cellulose and lignin formation of small units link .

Added fiber and fiber hydrolysing enzyme saccharification enzymes , placed in a constant temperature water bath to 40 °C for 72 hours saccharification reaction of glucose every 24 hours to measure its sugar content and record the change , and finally the yeast was added an aqueous solution of the fermentation reaction , turn into bio-ethanol . Brix measurements of changes in saccharification reaction , and measuring the ratio of the aqueous solution of glucose sugar content . Finally, measuring the biomass produced by the fermentation of alcohol and the resultant ratio.

KEY WORDS: Miscanthus , Kraft Pretreatment , bio-ethanol, enzymatic hydrolysis , fermentation

一、前言------------------------------------------------p.12
1-1研究背景---------------------------------------------p.12
1-2 研究目標--------------------------------------------p.18

二、文獻回顧---------------------------------------------p.20
2-1生質能源之簡介 ---------------------------------------P.20
2-2 纖維酒精製程-----------------------------------------P.26
2-3 纖維酒精成分-----------------------------------------P.27
2-3-1木質素性質-----------------------------------------P.27
2-3-2纖維素性質-----------------------------------------P.28
2-3-3 半纖維素性質---------------------------------------P.29
2-4前處理-----------------------------------------------P.30
2-4-1機械粉碎前處理--------------------------------------P.31
2-4-2蒸氣爆裂前處理--------------------------------------P.32
2-4-3酸法前處理-----------------------------------------P.32
2-4-4 鹼法前處理----------------------------------------P.33
2-5酵素水解製程------------------------------------------P.34
2-6 醱酵階段--------------------------------------------P.37
2-6-1 分開酵素水解與醱酵製程(SHF) ------------------------P.38
2-6-2 同步醣化與醱酵製程 (SSF)----------------------------P.39
2-6-3 SHF與SSF之比較------------------------------------P.40

三、實驗部分---------------------------------------------P.41
3-1實驗材料-------------------------------------------P.41
3-2實驗設備-------------------------------------------P.44
3-3實驗藥品-------------------------------------------P.45
3-4實驗步驟---------------------------------------------P.46
3-4-1實驗程序-------------------------------------------P.46
3-4-2 纖維素水解酵素作用及纖維素糖化------------------------P.47
3-4-3醱酵反應-------------------------------------------P.48
3-4-4數據測量及分析--------------------------------------P.48

四、結果與討論-------------------------------------------p.52
4-1芒草粉及芒草片原料處理---------------------------------p.52
4-2 蒸煮後纖維素及半纖維素轉化率、收率測量-------------------p.52
4-3糖化反應後各樣本之糖度測量------------------------------p.55
4-4糖化反應後各樣本醣類轉化率及收率測量---------------------p.58
4-5發酵反應後酒精收率及轉化率------------------------------p.65
4-6酵母在各溫度下之產率變化--------------------------------p.73
4-7木質科原料及草本科原料生成酒精比較-----------------------p.74
4-8蘇打法處理與硫酸鹽法處理比較----------------------------p.75

五、結論------------------------------------------------p.76

六、參考文獻---------------------------------------------p.78

1.張逢源、林秋裕,2008生質能朝向非糧化發展前景 經濟部能源局能源報導。:03-04

2.真柄謙吾、池田 努、野尻昌信、涉谷 源。日本第76回紙漿與紙研究發表會 2009(76th)。日本:JAPAN TAPPI 日本紙與紙漿技術協會:140。

3.真柄謙吾、池田 努、野尻昌信。2010年5月日本紙漿技術協會:第64卷第5號:493-495。使用紙漿蒸解技術生產生質酒精。

4.蔡詩珊,2008 淺談生質能源 (12)綠色能源基金會專題簡報:01-04

5.周伯仲,2006利用酸前處理提高纖維素水解蔗渣效率之研究 碩士論文。台北:台灣大學生物產業機電工程學研究所。

6.張豐吉、杜明宏,1988 台灣產重要樹種化學性質之研究(II)種樹之化學性質。中華林學季刊21(4):101-109
7.生產生質酒精目前及未來的研究簡介,國立台灣海洋大學台灣藻類資源應用研發中心,陳衍昌

8. Ruiz, E., C. Cara, M. Ballesteros, P.Manzanares, I. Ballesteros, and E. Castro.2006. Ethanol production from pretreatedolive tree wood and sunflower stalks by anSSF process. Applied Biochemistry Biotechnology 129-132:631-643.

9. Ruiz, E., C. Cara, P. Manzanares, M.Ballesteros, and E. Castro. 2008. Evaluationof steam explosion pre-treatment for
enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower stalks.Enzyme and Microbial Technology 42: 160–166.

10. Chen, M., J. Zhao, and L. Xia. 2008. Enzymatic hydrolysis of maize strawpolysaccharides for the production ofreducingsugars. Carbohydrate Polymers 71: 411–415.

11. Che-Wei Yang, Szu-HsienChang,and Wei-Jen Chen, 2010. Bioethanolprodoction from sunflower stalks based on fed-batch
enzymatic hydrolysis

12. Rudolf, A., M. Alkasrawi, G. Zacchi, and G.Lidén. 2005. A comparison between batch andfed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam pretreated spruce.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 37(2): 195-204.23.

13.劉耀中,2010。廢木材製備生質乙醇 碩士論文。台北:中國文化大學化學工程學系奈米材料研究所。

14.黃維凡，2006。以前處理提升稻穀纖維素水解效率之研究 碩士論文。台北:台灣大學生物產業機電工程學研究所。

15.齊倍慶,2000從堆肥中篩選纖維素分解酵素生產峻及其酵素性質研究 碩士論文。新竹:國立清華大學生命科學研究所。


16.張思賢,2007 利用同步糖化與發酵向日葵葉柄產製生質酒精之研究 碩士論文。台北: 台灣大學生物資源暨農學院生物產業機電工程學系。

17.陳偉任,2007。蔗渣產製生質乙醇 碩士論文。台北:台灣大學生物產業機電工程學研究所。

18. Sharma, S. K., K. L. Kalra, and G. S. Kocher.2004. Fermentation of enzymaticalhydrolysate of sunflower hulls for ethanolproduction and its scale-up. Biomass andBioenergy 27: 399-402.

19. Sharma, S. K., K. L. Kalra, and H. S. Grewal.2002a. Enzymaticsaccharification ofpretreated sunflower stalks. Biomass andBioenergy 23: 237-243.

20.Alfani,F.A. Gallifuoco, A. Saporosi, A. Sepra, M. Cantarekka 2000. Comparison of SHF and SSF processes for the bioconversion of the steam-exploded wheat straw. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 25:184-192

21.Ballesteros,I.J.M. Oliva, M.Ballesteros, J. Carrasco. 1993. Optimization of the simulataneoussaccharification and fermentation process using thermotolerant yeast. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 39/40:201-211

23.Adler,B.C. and K. Lundquist 1963 Spectrochemical estimation of phenylcoumaran elements in lignin,Acta.Chem.Scand.17:13-26

24.宋勇徴,2008 全球生質能源的未來發展期刊 產業報導:3

25.吳耿東,2007。全球生質能源與未來展望-林業研究專題。國立中興大學森林學系