臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

甘蔗原素是一種天然的高級脂肪醇類混合物，二十八碳醇是其主要成分，一般存在於蔗蠟，小麥胚芽油等天然產物中。自從發現它對人類的體力的增強有助益，在市場上逐漸發展出新的天然食品。
台糖公司生產的甘蔗蔗汁主要為製糖的原料，而甘蔗汁經壓榨、 過濾所剩下之甘蔗濾泥，其用途為作成堆肥，由於蔗蠟在土壤中不易分解，常包含其他成份，使植物難以吸收。
超臨界二氧化碳萃取技術已行之有年，它是一種介於氣體與液體之間的流體，其具有高擴散性、低黏性、無污染、不燃性以及高選擇性等良好溶劑之特性，且可調整溫度或壓力的變化來控制流體的性質，在綠色工業上有其發展的空間。超臨界二氧化碳萃取技術除了可減少溶劑使用量與降低溶劑污染等問題外，亦可製造高附加價值之二十八碳醇。
本研究分兩部份探討利用超臨界流體技術之萃取方式:首先以固態萃取方式將蔗汁殘餘物與濾泥中之二十八碳醇等高級醇類萃取分離出來，進行產率比較，再以溶劑萃取後的粗製蔗蠟利用超臨界流體之液態萃取方式嘗試萃取出純度較高的高級醇類，並使用索式萃取與溶劑萃取方式進行比較。本實驗中，超臨界流體萃取技術之最佳條件為使用液態萃取方式，溫度為60℃,壓力為4000psi，靜置時間為30min。

Policosanol is a natural mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic primary alcohols, in which octacosanol is the major component exist- ing in sugarcane wax and wheat germ oil. It was found that octacosa- nol has the biological effect to increase the strength and metabolic ac- tivity of muscles. It has been marketed as a natural health food.
Sugarcane juice is the raw material of Taiwan Sugar Corporation to produce sugar. Filter cake is the waste of grinding and filtrate pro- cess from sugarcane, which is used to be compost of agriculture. Sug- arcane wax is not easily decomposed in soil and absorbed by plants.
Supercritical CO2 has been used in extraction for many years, which has not only low viscosity, high diffusion, zero pollution, non flamma- bility but also high selectivity of excellent performance. By changing the temperature and pressure in the Supercritical CO2 extraction, it can provide different extraction property.
In this study, we discuss Supercritical CO2 extraction by two parts. Firstly, Use sugarcane juice residue and filter cake separated by super-
critical CO2 solid extraction and compare their extracting yield.
Secondary, use sugarcane wax which extracted by solvent, and refined by supercritical CO2 liquid extraction then compared with soxhlet extraction and solvent extraction. Finally, we get a best condition is at 60℃, 4000psi with CO2 and 30min of mixing time in supercritical CO2 of liquid extraction. The ultimate goal is to get more high value octacosanol from the sugarcane.

目錄--------------------------------------------------- I
中文摘要----------------------------------------------- V
英文摘要----------------------------------------------- Ⅵ
第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------- 1
一、前言----------------------------------------------- 1
二、甘蔗簡介------------------------------------------- 2
2.1 甘蔗常識------------------------------------------- 2
2.2 蔗汁----------------------------------------------- 3
2.3 濾泥----------------------------------------------- 3
三、甘蔗原素------------------------------------------- 4
3.1 甘蔗原素的歷史------------------------------------- 4
3.2 甘蔗原素的組成------------------------------------- 5
3.3 甘蔗原素在醫學及生理上的效用----------------------- 6
3.4 甘蔗原素的安全性----------------------------------- 7
3.5 甘蔗原素的臨床功效--------------------------------- 9
四、二十八碳醇之介紹---------------------------------- 11
4.1 二十八碳醇簡介------------------------------------ 11
4.2 二十八碳醇理化性質-------------------------------- 11
4.3 二十八碳醇之存在---------------------------------- 12
4.4 二十八碳醇的生理功能------------------------------ 12
4.5 二十八碳醇的萃取---------------------------------- 16
4.6 二十八碳醇的應用範圍------------------------------ 17
五、超臨界流體之簡介---------------------------------- 17
5.1 超臨界流體的定義---------------------------------- 17
5.2 超臨界流體的發展---------------------------------- 18
5.3 超臨界流體的特性---------------------------------- 20
5.4 超臨界流體萃取技術的應用-------------------------- 25
5.4.1 咖啡與茶之咖啡因的去除-------------------------- 29
5.4.2 油脂萃取的純化---------------------------------- 29
5.4.3 香料及植物精油萃取------------------------------ 30
5.4.4 啤酒花苦味及香味成份萃取------------------------ 30
5.4.5 天然色素萃取------------------------------------ 30
5.4.6 酵素反應之應用---------------------------------- 31
5.4.7 膽固醇去除-------------------------------------- 31
5.4.8 機能性成份萃取---------------------------------- 32
5.4.9 殺菌上的應用------------------------------------ 32
5.4.10 其他方面之應用--------------------------------- 32
5.5 超臨界二氧化碳萃取在分析化學上的應用-------------- 33
5.6 超臨界二氧化碳萃取在化學合成與製程上的應用-------- 33
5.7 超臨界流體在矽半導體工業之應用-------------------- 34
5.8 共溶劑的添加-------------------------------------- 35
5.9 超臨界流體裝置------------------------------------ 36
第二章 實驗內容--------------------------------------- 41
一、實驗儀器與設備------------------------------------ 41
二、實驗原料及試劑------------------------------------ 42
2.1 蔗汁濃縮物與濾泥---------------------------------- 42
2.2 標準品與溶劑-------------------------------------- 42
三、實驗動機------------------------------------------ 43
四、一次一變因法-------------------------------------- 44
五、實驗流程------------------------------------------ 44
六、實驗方法------------------------------------------ 44
6.1 索式萃取------------------------------------------ 46
6.2 溶劑萃取------------------------------------------ 46
6.3 再結晶-------------------------------------------- 46
6.4 超臨界二氧化碳萃取-------------------------------- 48
6.4.1 萃取固態原料之成份------------------------------ 48
6.4.2 萃取液態原料之成份------------------------------ 48
第三章結果與討論-------------------------------------- 51
一、粗蔗臘之比較-------------------------------------- 51
1.1 不同溶劑進行索式萃取之比較------------------------ 51
1.2 溶劑萃取之比較------------------------------------ 51
二、蔗臘之比較---------------------------------------- 52
2.1不同溶劑進行索式萃取－再結晶之比較 ---------------- 52
2.2 不同溶劑萃取-再結晶之比較------------------------- 53
三、超臨界二氧化碳萃取法------------------------------ 54
3.1 萃取固態原料-------------------------------------- 54
3.1.1萃取溫度之影響 ---------------------------------- 54
3.1.2萃取壓力之影響 ---------------------------------- 54
3.1.3萃取時間之影響 ---------------------------------- 54
3.1.4二氧化碳流速之影響 ------------------------------ 56
3.1.5二氧化碳用量之影響 ------------------------------ 56
3.2 萃取液態原料-------------------------------------- 58
3.2.1萃取溫度之影響 ---------------------------------- 58
3.2.2 萃取壓力之影響---------------------------------- 58
3.2.3 添加共溶劑之影響-------------------------------- 59
四、超臨界萃取、索式萃取與溶劑萃取之分析與比較-------- 60
4.1 GC之分析條件 ------------------------------------- 61
4.2 二十八碳醇含量比較-------------------------------- 61
4.3 其他高級醇之含量比較------------------------------ 64
4.4 標準品與不同萃取方式之GC圖譜---------------------- 64
第四章 結論------------------------------------------- 76
參考文獻---------------------------------------------- 77

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