臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

父母對子女性別角色的影響直接施予幼兒的各種管教包括行為舉止的允許與禁止、家庭內部規矩的制定以及各項資源的提供等；另一方面則是幼兒透過對父母形之於外的特質或行為做觀察及模仿而發展出適性的行為,通常兒童在與父母的互動之中逐漸地接受到家長的性別價值觀念。由此得知家長對於幼兒性別概念之影響可謂至深且鉅,故探討幼兒性別角色概念時，實無法忽視家長方面的影響力。在過去農業社會時代,家庭中的男性負責大部分的農務工作,而女性則是負責家中所有勞務工作,正所謂傳統的「男主外、女主內」的觀念,男性與女性的責任劃分清楚,然而隨著工業化時代的來臨,許多婦女陸續進入勞動市場,女性教育程度與就業率的提高,使得工作與家庭角色呈現多元樣貌,家庭內的分工也不似從前明顯,傳統屬於男性的工作角色和女性的家庭角色,也因為時代的變遷而有所改變。
然而,無論工業化程度如何,傳統的性別分工刻板印象與性別歧視仍舊是國際的普遍現象(黃淑玲、游美惠,2007)。雖然時代在進步，但是有些根深蒂固的觀念卻仍然深植人心，性別刻板印象便是如此。孩子在小的時候,是沒有性別意識的，小孩的性別意識最早是從家長學習而來的，因為家長從小就灌輸孩子身為一個男孩應該怎樣、身為一個女孩又應該怎樣。其實,說來說去,還是因為性別刻板印象使然。莊淑靜 (2012)也認為小小的嬰兒不需要什麼女性化或男性化的衣物，她/他們的衣物以實用、舒服、安全為主。那些顏色的區隔,只是為了大人進行辨識。因此,即使在性別平等意識高漲的現代，仍然處處會看到性別刻板印象的影子。在過去中國的傳統觀念中崇尚男尊女卑、男主外女主內的文化，婦女的社會性別地位不及男性，例如：過去女性無法參與投票、妻子通常在家負責家務，丈夫則是負起家中經濟重擔，在外工作打拼。然而，現今社會中倡導女男平等，使得女性意識漸漸抬頭。從許多社會現況中可以看出。例如：近年來台灣政治上漸漸出現女性從政者，且在政府機構擔任要職，這樣的情況除了在台灣，國際上也出現此趨勢，如同美國的希拉蕊女士參與了2008及2016年總統大選、台灣的蔡英文、韓國的朴槿惠…等；此現象不僅出現在政治上，同時在諾貝爾獎上，也能看見傑出的女性在不同的表現上獲得肯定。

The influence of parents on the gender role of children is directly applied to the child's various disciplines, including the permission and prohibition of behavior, the establishment of internal rules of the family and the provision of various resources; on the other hand, the characteristics of young children through the shape of their parents. Or behaviors to observe and imitate to develop adaptive behavior, usually children gradually accept the gender values of parents in their interaction with parents. From this, it is known that the influence of parents on the gender concept of children can be described as profound and huge. Therefore, when discussing the concept of gender roles of children, it is impossible to ignore the influence of parents. In the past agricultural society, men in the family were responsible for most of the agricultural work, while women were responsible for all the labor services in the family. The so-called traditional concept of "male outside, female inside", the division of male and female responsibility is clear. However, with the advent of the industrial age, many women have entered the labor market one after another. The improvement of women's education and employment rate has made the roles of work and family more diverse. The division of labor within the family is not as obvious as before. The traditional work belongs to men. The role and the female family role have also changed because of the changes of the times.
However, regardless of the degree of industrialization, traditional gender division stereotypes and gender discrimination are still common international phenomena (Huang Shuling, You Meihui, 2007). Although the times are advancing, some deep-rooted ideas are still deeply rooted in people's hearts, as is the gender stereotype. When children are young, they are not gender-conscious. The child's gender consciousness is first learned from parents, because parents have instilled in children how to be a boy and what should be a girl. In fact, to say it, it is because of gender stereotypes. Zhuang Shujing (2012) also believes that small babies do not need any feminine or masculine clothing, and her/they's clothing is practical, comfortable and safe. The separation of those colors is only for the recognition of adults. Therefore, even in the modern era of high gender awareness, the shadow of gender stereotypes will still be seen everywhere. In the past, traditional Chinese concepts advocated the culture of men, women, and women. The gender status of women was not as good as that of men. For example, women were unable to participate in voting in the past, their wives were usually responsible for housework at home, and the husband was responsible for the economic burden of the family. Work hard outside. However, in today's society, women and men are advocated for equality, and women's consciousness is gradually rising. It can be seen from the current situation in many societies. For example, in recent years, Taiwan’s political gradual emergence of female politicians, and holding important positions in government agencies, this situation in addition to Taiwan, international trends, as the United States Ms. Hillary participated in the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections, Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen, South Korea's Park Geun-hye, etc.; this phenomenon not only appears in politics, but also in the Nobel Prize, it can also be seen that outstanding women are affirmed in different performances.

謝 誌 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節　研究目的與研究問題 2
第三節 名詞解釋 3
第四節 研究方法 3
第五節 研究範圍與限制 4
第二章　文獻探討 5
第一節　學齡前性別教養相關理論 5
第二節 學齡前性別教養與幼兒的玩具選擇相關理論 16
第三章 研究方法 23
第一節 研究架構與假設建立 23
第二節 問卷設計與前測 24
第三節 研究對象與蒐集資料方法 34
第四節 研究流程 35
第五節 資料分析方法與工具 38
第四章 研究結果與討論 41
第一節 樣本統計分析 41
第二節 獨立樣本t檢定分析 44
第三節 單因子變異數分析 46
第四節 皮爾森積差相關分析 51
第五節 多元回歸分析 53
第五章 結論與建議 55
第一節 研究結論 55
第二節 研究限制與建議 56
參考文獻 58
附錄 63
附錄一 63
附錄二 66
附錄三 69

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