臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軸封是在機械設備中廣泛使用的防護裝置，一般安裝於軸與孔之間以防止運轉時潤滑油漏出及雜質侵入，無論在軍事或民生工業上均佔有非常重要的地位。為了降低能源損耗、延長元件壽命，軸封產品之開發須克服摩擦、磨耗、漏油及溫升等問題。正確評估軸封之磨潤特性，關係到軸封產品開發之成功與否。針對旋轉式軸封磨潤特性之評估，本研究進行軸封測試機台之開發及磨潤實驗。所開發之測試機台適用於旋轉式軸封，具監測軸封摩擦力、溫升、及漏油之功能；磨潤實驗則在不同轉速及潤滑條件下對溫升及摩擦扭矩進行時域分析，並探討其耐磨耗性。實驗使用之軸封母材包括丁腈橡膠（Nitrile rubber, NBR）、矽橡膠（Silicone rubber, SI）及氟素橡膠（Fluorocarbon rubber or Fluoroelastomers, FKM）。此外，並探討添加二硫化鉬（MoS2）及減摩劑（Friction reducer, FR）對軸封磨潤性能之改善效果。實驗結果顯示：軸封無油運轉之摩擦扭矩、溫升、溫升速度、及溫度穩定速度均明顯比油潤運轉高出甚多，因此在軸封設計及操作上，須特別注意機器啟動初期潤滑油尚未到位的情況。整體而言，不同母材之軸封在磨潤特性上之優劣順序為FKM > SI > NBR，其中SI軸封之乾磨耗率特別高，故須避免長時間之無油運轉，以免造成嚴重之磨損。不同母材、廠商、及不同添加劑成份與比例之軸封，在不同運轉條件下之溫升、摩擦扭矩、及磨耗率上之表現各異，但整體而言添加2%減摩劑對前述磨潤特性大都具有較明顯之正面效果。本研究成果可提供旋轉式軸封產業在產品開發上之參考，特別是在藉由添加減摩劑以改善軸封溫升、摩擦扭矩、及耐磨耗性等磨潤特性上。

Shaft seals are widely used protective devices in mechanical equipment. They are normally installed between shafts and bores to prevent oil leakage and to exclude contaminants during operation, which are important in both military and livelihood industries. In order to reduce energy consumption and to extend the life time of components, the problems of friction, wear, oil leakage, and temperature rise need to be overcome in the development of shaft seals. Proper evaluations of the tribological properties are closely related to the development of shaft seal products. In order to evaluate the tribological characteristics of rotary shaft seals, a testing machine was developed and tribological experiments were conducted in this study. The testing machine developed here is suitable for rotary shaft seals, with the functions of monitoring friction torque, temperature rise, and oil leakage. The tribological experiments were conducted at different rotating speeds and in different lubrication conditions. They included time-domain analyses of temperature rise and friction torque, and the wear resistance was investigated as well. The base materials of the shaft seals used in the experiments included nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), silicone rubber (SI) and fluorocarbon rubber (FKM). In addition, the improvements in the tribological properties of shaft seals by using MoS2 and Friction reducer (FR) as additives were explored. The experimental results show that the friction torque, temperature rise, and the rates of temperature rise and temperature stabilization are much higher in dry conditions than those in lubricated conditions. In the design and operation of shaft seals, more attention thus need to be paid at the moment of starting a machine when the lubricant has not yet reached the seals to provide sufficient lubrication. Overall, the order of excellence in tribological properties of different seal base materials is FKM, SI, and NBR. The wear rate of SI shaft seals is particularly high, and prolonged operation without lubrication is not recommended to prevent serious wear. Different parent materials, manufacturers, additives and their percentages result in different levels of temperature rise, friction torque, and wear rate of shaft seals operating in different conditions. On the whole, the addition of 2% FR however has the most evident positive effect on the aforementioned tribological properties. The results of this research can provide reference for the rotary shaft seal industry in product development, particularly in the improvement of tribological properties like temperature rise, friction torque, and wear resistance of shaft seal through the addition of friction reducer.

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1. 研究背景 1
1.1.1. 磨潤學 1
1.1.2. 軸封 2
1.2. 文獻回顧 7
1.3. 研究動機 8
1.4. 研究目的及方法 8
第二章 實驗方法 9
2.1. 實驗設備 9
2.2. 量測原理 12
2.3. 實驗樣品 14
2.4. 實驗條件 16
2.5. 量測項目 16
2.6. 實驗步驟 16
第三章 結果與討論 18
3.1. 原始軸封之磨潤特性分析 18
3.2. 添加劑對軸封磨潤特性之影響 23
3.2.1. NBR-S軸封之溫升及摩擦扭矩 23
3.2.2. Silicone軸封之溫升及摩擦扭矩 29
3.2.3. NBR-M軸封之溫升及摩擦扭矩 39
3.2.4. FKM軸封之溫升及摩擦扭矩 44
第四章 結論與後續研究 49
4.1. 結論 49
4.2. 後續研究 50
參考文獻 51

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