臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於全球化和資訊科技之發達，國人觀看外國電影及電視節目之平台大增，因此，影視翻譯成為各式翻譯中數量快速增加，卻相對並未受到重視的一個翻譯類別。然而字幕翻譯者所肩負的不光是傳達語言上的訊息，更是跨越文化上的障礙。《紙牌屋》為美國網飛公司(Netflix)以網路隨選串流服務來扭轉劣勢的一張王牌。本論文以翻譯理論、方法及技巧，對該影集第一季共13集的兩種英翻中版本進行比較分析。論文共分五章，第一章引言講述研究動機、目的及論文架構。第二章介紹《紙牌屋》之主要演員、其發行商Netflix公司、故事內容及兩種翻譯版本。第三章說明主要翻譯理論，包括嚴復的信達雅、翻譯普遍性原則、歸化及異化理論、翻譯目的論、翻譯對等理論、調整理論、超語言文化詞彙翻譯理論及比喻的翻譯，另外還有翻譯方法及字幕本身之限制。第四章研析兩種翻譯版本，先以21段節錄為範例，臚列兩種翻譯，再提出建議之翻譯版本；後再列舉兩種版本優缺點之段落。第五章為比較兩版本之優缺點並總結。雖然研究不免有其限制，惟期望本研究能為譯者提供些許參考，大家集思廣益、群策群力，使喜愛觀賞外國影片的閱聽人能享受到打破語言及文化藩籬的翻譯作品。

As globalization and information technology advance, access to foreign films and TV programs has multiplied. However, the number of studies on subtitle translations has not increased accordingly. House of Cards, an online streaming series by Netflix, has changed not only the fate of the company but also the viewing habits of the audience. This thesis examines two different subtitle translations of the 13 episodes in season one in light of important translation theories and methods. Chapter One introduces the background and motivation, purpose, and outline of the study. Chapter Two is dedicated to the series itself, including its cast, carrier (Netflix), plot, synopsis, and two translators (Deltamac and YYeTs). Chapter Three elaborates on translation methods and theories such as the three requirements of translation, translation universals, domestication and foreignization, skopos theory, equivalence theory, modulation, translation of metaphors, strategies to render ECR, and constraints of film subtitling. In Chapter Four, the researcher analyzes the two versions and selects 21 excerpts to exemplify the appropriate theories and propose her own suggested translations. The strengths and weaknesses of each version are also included in this chapter. Chapter Five concludes with findings.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHINESE ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………i
ENGLISH ABSTRACT…………………………………………………….………..ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………….………………….……….………iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………iv
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………..……………………...vii
LIST OF EXCERPTS…………………………………………………………..….viii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION………………………………….…….. 1
1.1 Background and Motivation .………………………………..……..……... 1
1.2 Definition and Classification of Subtitles…………………..…………....... 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study…………………………………………….....….…... 7
1.4 Outline of the Study………………………………………………….……..8
1.5 Terms……………………...………………………………………….……..8
CHAPTER TWO HOUSE OF CARDS:
THE SERIES AND THE TRANSLATORS....................10
2.1 Introduction to House of Cards...……………………………….………....10
2.2 The Cast.…………..……………………………………………………… 10
2.3 The Carrier: Netflix ...……………………………………..........………... 13
2.4 The Significance of House of Cards in Entertainment ……………………14
2.5 The Plot……………………………………………………………………15
2.6 The Subtitle Translators…………………………………………………...21
CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….....24
3.1 Theory of Three Requirements (Xin, Da, Ya)……………………………..24
3.2 Translation Methods……………………………………………………….26
3.3 Translation Universals……………………………………………………..33
3.4 Domestication and Foreignization…………………………………………36
3.5 Skopos Theory……………………………………………………………..40
3.6 Equivalence Theory………………………………………………………..41
3.7 Modulation………………………………………………………………..43
3.8 Extralinguistic Culture References (ECR)…………………….…………..51
3.9 Strategies for Rendering ECR………...…….…………………………….52
3.10 Translation of Metaphor…..…..………..........…………………………….61
3.11 Constraints of Film Subtitling…….……...……………………...………...63
3.12 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………65
CHAPTER FOUR DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION
EXCERPTS………………………………………….……67
4.1 Explicitation……………………………………………………………….69
4.2 Extralinguistic Cultural Reference (ECR)…………………………………73
4.3 Equivalence theory………………………………………………………...82
4.4 Translation of Metaphor…………………………………………………...91
4.5 Domestication and Foreignization…………………………………….…..98
4.6 Adaptation………………………………………………………………..107
4.7 Modulation…………………………………………………………….…109
4.8 Leveling out…………………………………………………………..…..111
4.9 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Two Versions...………………………..114
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION………………………………………….130
5.1 Findings……………………………………………………………………132
5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………...……….134
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….136
APPENDIX……………..……………………………………………………….…145








LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

FIGURES
Figure 1: Translation Methods vs. Equivalence Theory……………………....….…..27
Figure 2: Taxonomy of ECR Transfer Strategies…………………………………….53
Figure 3. Translation of Metaphor.…………………………………...……...……….62

TABLES
Table 1: Translation Scoreboard of Deltamac and YYeTs…………...…….……….132










LIST OF EXCERPTS
Excerpt 1………………………………………………………………………….…69
Excerpt 2……………………………………………………………………….……71
Excerpt 3……………………………………………………………………….…….73
Excerpt 4……………………………………………………………………………..75
Excerpt 5………………………………………………………………………..……77
Excerpt 6……………………………………………………………………….…….79
Excerpt 7………………………………………………………………………….….81
Excerpt 8……………………………………………………………………………..83
Excerpt 9…………………………………………………………………………..…85
Excerpt 10………………………………………………………………………...….87
Excerpt 11…………………………………………………………………………....89
Excerpt 12……………………………………………………………………………91
Excerpt 13…………………………………………………………………………....93
Excerpt 14………………………………………………………………...………….95
Excerpt 15……………………………………………………………………………97
Excerpt 16…………………………………………………………………..…….….99
Excerpt 17…………………………………………………………………………..104
Excerpt 18…………………………………………………………………..………107
Excerpt 19……………………………………………………………………..……109
Excerpt 20…………………………………………………………………….……..111
Excerpt 21……………………………………………………………………...……112

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