臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

幾丁質 (chitin) 廣泛地存在於甲殼類動物的外殼、節肢動物的外甲皮、軟體動物的外殼與內骨骼以及植物與真菌或酵母菌的微生物細胞壁中。幾丁質經去乙醯基反應 (deacetylation) 可得幾丁聚醣 (chitosan)，但其因分子間氫鍵較強，較不溶於水，因此在食品工業之應用上受到許多限制。目前已知利用酸、鹼、酵素水解、化學修飾、物理法及氧化法可將其修飾為低分子量之水溶性的幾丁聚醣，有助於提升其應用性。過去已知水溶性幾丁聚醣具有抗氧化、抗發炎、降血脂、抗腫瘤及抗菌與調節免疫力之功能。本研究利用經烷基磺酸化 (alkylsulfonated) 處理製成的水溶性幾丁聚醣為主要原料，搭配綠茶或紅棗與枸杞子，將其開發成水溶性幾丁聚醣凍飲，並進行此二種凍飲產品之抗氧化能力分析、感官品評及儲藏性試驗，藉以評估此二種凍飲產品之市場潛力。由水溶性幾丁聚醣凍飲凍乾物在體外 (in vitro) 抗氧化分析結果可知，無論是綠茶幾丁聚醣凍飲或紅棗與枸杞子幾丁聚醣凍飲之凍乾物在清除DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-pricrylhydrazyl) 自由基能力、還原力或清除ABTS陽離子自由基能力 (2, 2'-azino-bis〔3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid〕) 皆有顯著之抗氧化作用，且呈劑量依賴效應 (dose-dependent manner)。由幾丁聚醣凍飲感官品評之結果顯示，各年齡層對於綠茶幾丁聚醣凍飲或紅棗與枸杞子幾丁聚醣凍飲皆達到4.60分以上 (滿分7.00分)。依性別區分可知，在男性消費者對於紅棗與枸杞子幾丁聚醣凍飲接受度較綠茶幾丁聚醣凍飲高；而女性消費者也有相同之狀況。此外，女性對於綠茶幾丁聚醣凍飲及紅棗與枸杞子幾丁聚醣凍飲喜好度皆優於男性，其中50-59歲女性消費者之喜好度有顯著高於男性的現象 (P < 0.05)。由儲藏試驗結果可知，此二種凍飲產品在儲藏六週期間，皆無微生物生長之現象。由上述結果可知，綠茶幾丁聚醣凍飲與紅棗與枸杞子幾丁聚醣凍飲皆具有良好的抗氧化能力與消費者接受度，此二種凍飲產品深具市場發展之潛力。

Chitin is a natural organic substance. It’s widely present in exoskeletons of crustaceans, arthropods, mollusks, plants and fungi or yeast cell walls. Chitosan can be formed by removing the acetyl groups of chitin. Because, there are strong hydrogen bonds intermolecular of chitosan. Chitosan are less soluble in water lead to restrictions on food industry application. Chitosan can be modified their water-soluble by used hydrolysis of acids, bases, enzyme digestion, chemical, physical modification or oxidation. As known, chitosan have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-tumor and regulation of immunity and anti-bacterial function. To development soft agar drinks, an alkylsulfonated chitosan, a water soluble chitosan, was as a based material combined green tea or Lycium Chinense Mill and Ziziphus jujuba Miller. To evaluate their marketing potential, two developed soft agar drinks, green tea chitosan soft agar drink and Lycium Chinense Mill and Ziziphus jujuba Miller chitosan soft agar drink, were analyzed antioxidant capacity, sensory evaluation and storage test. According to the results of antioxidant activity analysis, whether green tea chitosan soft agar drink or Lycium Chinense Mill and Ziziphus jujuba Miller chitosan soft agar drink, in the DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power or ABTS radical cation scavenging capability were highly ability. And it is a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In both of chitosan agar drinks, the sensory evaluation results showed that all of consumer preference for each investigated items are all above 4.6 points (total score 7 points). According to gender distinction shows that male consumers acceptability of Lycium Chinense Mill and Ziziphus jujuba Miller chitosan soft agar drink compared high with green tea chitosan soft agar drink, the female consumers also have the same situation. In addition, preference of green tea as well as Lycium Chinense Mill and Ziziphus jujuba Miller chitosan soft agar drink for female are better than male. Among them preference of 50-59 year old female consumers are significantly higher than male (P < 0.05). Storage tests results showed that the agar drink had no significant change in microbe growing for 6 weeks storage. These results above suggest that two water soluble chitosan soft agar drinks with great consumer acceptance and antioxidant capacity and they both have a high potential to be a commercial product.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
縮寫對照表 XIII
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
一、幾丁質與幾丁聚醣介紹 3
(一) 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之化學結構 3
(二) 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之功能 3
(三) 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之應用 4
二、水溶性幾丁聚醣介紹 5
(一) 水溶性幾丁聚醣之功能 6
(二) 水溶性幾丁聚醣在食品工業上之應用 8
三、市售幾丁聚醣食品之介紹與未來發展 10
四、台灣飲料產業與保健飲品之概況 11
(一) 飲料產品之介紹 11
(二) 飲料產品市場之概況 13
(三) 凍飲現況及未來發展 15
(四) 保健飲品之發展概況 18
五、綠茶簡介 21
(一) 綠茶主要成分 22
(二) 綠茶之藥理作用 23
六、紅棗簡介 26
(一) 紅棗主要成分 27
(二) 紅棗之藥理作用 28
七、枸杞子簡介 30
(一) 枸杞子主要成分 31
(二) 枸杞子之藥理作用 32
八、自由基與健康 35
(一) 自由基對DNA及蛋白質的傷害 35
(二) 自由基對脂質的傷害 36
(三) 自由基、抗氧化與疾病之預防 36
參、研究目的 40
肆、材料與方法 41
一、實驗材料 41
(一) 樣品材料 41
(二) 化學藥劑 41
(三) 儀器設備 42
二、實驗方法 42
(一) 幾丁聚醣凍飲及其冷凍乾燥物之製備 43
(二) 抗氧化試驗 48
(三) 感官品評分析 51
(四) 儲藏試驗分析 54
三、資料統計分析 55
伍、結果與討論 56
一、幾丁聚醣凍飲冷凍乾燥物之產率 56
二、抗氧化能力分析 56
(一) 清除DPPH自由基之能力 59
(二) 還原力之測定 60
(三) 螯合亞鐵離子能力 61
(四) 清除ABTS陽離子自由基能力 62
三、感官品評分析 63
四、儲藏試驗 74
(一) 理化性質分析 74
(二) 微生物分析 77
(三) 感官品評分析 77
陸、結論 80
柒、參考文獻 81

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