臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

殘留應力的消除一直以來都是金屬加工領域的重要課題，隨著技
術的發展，振動應力消除(Vibration stress relief, VSR)技術逐漸受到關注，它是一種基於低周疲勞理論，藉由材料內部殘留應力與外部負載疊加以產生塑性變形，來達到應力釋放、重新分布的目的。但其運作機制及可消除的應力量目前仍不甚明確。故本研究藉由有限元素模擬
方法(Finite element method)來觀察材料SS400在低周疲勞之循環負載下的行為，以期能用模擬的方法預估施作振動應力消除的效果。本研究中首先採用1/8 立方體模型進行單軸拉伸之低周疲勞模擬，並搭配
實驗結果，分別使用位移控制與力量控制來觀察材料的平均應力鬆弛
(Mean stress relaxation)與循環潛變行為(Cyclic creep)；接著使用具缺口(Notch)試片模型進行低周疲勞模擬來觀察材料在進行循環負載時，集中應力現象對材料行為的影響；最後利用具有殘留應力之銲接試片來進行彎曲實驗的低周疲勞模擬，以觀察振動應力消除的效果與應力分布的變化，模擬結果發現具有銲接殘留應力之試片的高應力區的應力重新分布，且整體的應力範圍也有下降，顯示出振動應力消除的效
果。

To reduce the residual stress is an important issue of metal processing. A method, Vibration Stress Relief (VSR) was chosen here to reduce the residual stress. VSR is performed by applying cyclic load to the specimen. This method can release the residual stress and alter stress distribution due to the superposition of the residual stress and the cyclic external load. It is said that VSR is based on low cycle fatigue theorem. But the mechanism of reducing the stress is still unclear. This research numerically investigated the behavior of material SS400’s under cyclic loading by using finite element method. A cubic model, under a uni-axis, low cyclic fatigue load, was first considered for examining the material behavior of mean stress relaxation and cyclic creep. A specimen with a notch was then studied to understand the behavior due to stress concentration. Finally, a welded specimen, with residual stress, was studied to present the effect of VSR on a more realistic model. The numerical results show that the stress relief effect of applying cyclic load can be achieved if the amplitude of the load close to the yielding stress of the material.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 XI
符號說明 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 文獻回顧 1
1-3 論文架構 4
第二章 金屬材料基本理論 6
2-1 低周疲勞理論與實驗 6
2-1-1 塑性變形 7
2-1-2 包辛格效應與硬化行為 8
2-1-3 材料的循環應力-應變行為與實驗施作 10
2-1-4 平均應力效應 14
2-2 沙博什材料模型(Chaboche Model) 16
2-3 非線性等向硬化模型(Voce model) 19
2-4 殘留應力消除效果檢測 20
第三章 單軸拉伸之低周疲勞特性數值模擬與實驗 22
3-1 有限元素方法簡介 22
3-2 模擬方法與流程 23
3-3 材料參數與曲線擬合 24
3-4 以有限元素模型進行低周疲勞模擬與實驗比較 29
3-4-1不同振幅大小之等應變振幅的模擬與實驗比較 31
3-4-2不同平均應變之等應變振幅的模擬與實驗比較 39
3-4-3不同平均應力之等應力振幅的模擬與實驗比較 51
3-4-4 Voce模型對材料於循環負載下的行為之影響 62
第四章 具缺口試片之低周疲勞數值模擬 65
4-1 模擬方法與流程 65
4-2 具平均應變之等應變振幅的低周疲勞試驗 67
4-3 具平均應力之等應力振幅的低周疲勞試驗 74
4-4 Voce模型對具缺口試片於循環負載下行為之影響 80
第五章 具銲接殘留應力試片之低周疲勞數值模擬 84
5-1 模擬手法與流程 84
5-2 等應變振幅的低周疲勞模擬 87
第六章 結論與未來展望 95
6-1 結論 95
6-2 未來展望 97
參考文獻 98

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