臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

梅雨季節期間，北來氣流常和西南氣流於華南地區容易形成一長風切帶，範圍有時長達數百公里甚至千公里，風切帶內伴隨著中尺度渦旋，這些渦旋，有時會增強為颱風，有些則是溫帶氣旋的前身。渦旋的本身，伴隨著強對流系統，造成劇烈的降水天氣。
泰利颱風(2012)源自於華南地區的低壓系統，初期此一低壓系統與梅雨鋒面系統相連結，逐漸增強為熱帶低壓。與鋒面系統切割後，增強為颱風，朝東北方向移動，通過台灣海峽後於彭佳嶼東北方減弱為熱帶性低氣壓。
由環境分析資料顯示，泰利颱風具不對稱性之環流結構，東南側伴隨著相當強度來自南海的西南氣流，6月19日至21日造成台灣地區降水可歸類為三個週期，兩大主因，即是西南氣流-颱風雨帶-西南氣流；分析雷達觀測資料發現颱風內核區結構不明顯，雨帶與颱風移動方向割離的情況。
本研究進一步解析空軍馬公雙偏極化都卜勒氣象雷達及中央氣象局七股都卜勒氣象雷達資料，針對泰利颱風向東北移動通過台灣海峽時，隨時間變化的特徵，發現泰利颱風通過台灣海峽期間回波結構不對稱且無法分辨出內核區的特徵，並且運用雙都卜勒雷達資料合成探討深對流系統即降水系統A在颱風雨帶中扮演的角色以及渦度、輻合(散)還有強上升運動速度的特徵，亦運用雙偏極化雷達參數探討深對流的微物理特徵，歸納出降水系統A不具眼牆的特徵，此外，運用地面測站資料，發現降水系統A的強降水帶來冷池的中尺度現象，並討論雨帶結構和颱風增強(或減弱)的可能關係。

The northerly and southwesterly flows are usually to form a long wind shift line over the southern China Area during mei-yu season. The line can extand over thousands kilometers associated with mesoscale vortex which sometimes intensifies into a tropical cyclone. The meso vortex may trigger strong convective system, inducing heavy rainfall.
Typhoon Talim(2012) origined from a low pressure developing in southern China Area. In the beginning the low pressure connected with the Mei-yu front. It evolved and intenfied into a tropical cyclone after separating from the frontal system.
The environmental analysis showed that the circulation of typhoon Talim was axis-asymmetric. The intense southwesterly flow prevailed on the southeastern side of the circulation. The precipitation over the southern Taiwan Area from 19 to 21 June 2012 was dominated by 2 weather system within 3 period, i.e., southwesterly flow-typhoon rainband- southwesterly flow. The weather radar observation demonstrated that the inner core of typhoon Talim was insignificant. The convective cell embedded with the rainband moved to the dirction different from the moving dirction of typhoon.
The characteristics of the typhoon rainband are revealed by analyzing Makung and Chiku weather radar data while typhoon was passing through Taiwan Strait . The time segitence of Dual-Doppler wind synthesis delineated that the deep convection embedded within the precipitation system A vertically extented over 15 km.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.3 研究目的 3
2. 資料來源與品管 9
2.1 雷達資料介紹 9
2.1.1 馬公雙偏極化雷達 9
2.1.2 七股都卜勒雷達 9
2.1.3 偏極化參數之介紹： 9
2.1.3.1 ZHH、ZVV：Reflectivity（反射率） 9
2.1.3.2 ZDR：Differential Reflectivity（差異反射率） 10
2.1.3.3 ρHV：Cross-correlation Coefficient（相關係數） 11
2.1.3.4 ΦDP：Differential Phase Shift（差異相位差） 12
2.1.3.5 KDP：Specific Differential Propagation Phase Shift（比差異相位差） 12
2.1.4 馬公雷達降水回波衰減訂正 13
2.1.5 雙都卜勒風場合成 13
2.1.6 速度方位顯示 (Velocity Azimuthal Display) 14
2.2 環境場資料 14
2.2.1 天氣圖 14
2.2.2 環境場再分析資料 14
2.2.3 衛星雲圖 14
2.2.4 探空原始資料 15
2.2.5 地面觀測資料 15
3. 泰利颱風個案環境場分析 17
3.1 綜觀環境場 17
3.2 雨量及大氣垂直剖面環境 19
3.3 颱風的環流雨帶 21
4. 泰利颱風雨帶結構特徵分析 46
4.1 降水系統A結構特性 46
4.2 降水系統A的垂直結構 47
4.3 降水系統A隨時間的演變 50
4.4 降水系統A的雨量觀測及中尺度特徵 51
4.5 雨帶的東移 52
4.6 雨帶的雙偏極化雷達參數特徵 53
4.7 討論 54
5. 結論與未來展望 72
5.1 結論 72
5.2 未來展望 74

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