臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

繁齒米蝦(Caridina multidentata)為台灣原生觀賞蝦中具有經濟價值且同時也是出口量最大的蝦種，不過近年由於人為大量捕撈而導致市場上供不應求，因此建立大量且穩定的生產及飼育技術是必須的。然而在幼蝦育成以及種蝦最適繁殖性比方面卻少有研究，因此本研究會分成兩部分進行，在幼蝦育成方面本實驗會探討光照週期、開闊度、不同遮蔽介質三個實驗因子對繁齒米蝦幼蝦的全長、體重及存活率之影響；而種蝦部分則測試不同雌雄比例對雌蝦的抱卵比例、抱卵間隔天數、成功孵化幼苗隻數的影響。而透過上述實驗期望能了解幼蝦在人工飼養下最適的環境條件以及最佳的雌雄配對比例，為繁齒米蝦的穩定飼育技術提供一定的理論依據。
研究結果顯示，在光照週期方面，繁齒米蝦幼蝦在長光照組(14L:10D)的全長、體重成長皆顯著高於短光照組(7L:17D)，但存活率則沒有顯著差異。在不同遮蔽介質中則是發現幼蝦的存活率則以空白組最高(90.000±7.091%)、紗窗網組次之(90.000±6.047%)，而蒜頭網組則有著最低的存活率(53.750±31.936%)。而不同開闊度則對幼蝦的全長、體重及存活率皆無顯著影響，故在飼養幼蝦時應將其養在長光照環境下且幼蝦對遮蔽介質的需求度應該不高。
另一方面繁齒米蝦種蝦在雌雄比2:1、1:1、1:3及1:5中發現4個雌雄比的種蝦在雌蝦抱卵比例及抱卵間隔天數皆沒有顯著差異。不過在所有組別中1:1的組別有著最多的幼苗孵化隻數(793.750±323.695隻)且顯著高於2:1的組(442.571±298.954隻)。最後本研究將各性比中的幼苗孵化隻數去進行二次迴歸後本實驗推測繁齒米蝦種蝦最適合繁殖的雌雄比應為1:3。

Amano shrimp (Caridina multidentata) is an indigenous species from Taiwan which is a vulnerable ornamental shrimp and also the highest live-exported aquarium species of crustaceans. But these shrimps are deeply threated in the wild and short of supply for the aquarium market due to the illegal over-fishing. The researcher tried to build stable mass production techniques in order to supply increasing demands. Due to lack of studies on this shrimp worldwide, the researcher focused on solving problems on juvenile shrimp's incubation and sex ratio of the brood-stocks of shrimps. Consequently, the study was divided into two categories, in terms of the juvenile shrimp growth , this study were choose three environment factors (photoperiod、shelter materials and canopy openness of the shelters materials) to test the effect of these factors on juvenile shrimp's body lengths、body weights and survival rates. In brood-stocks, this study focused on testing different sex ratios on brooding female shrimp's proportion、insemination period and the number of success hatched larvae. Through the results，the researcher try to understand the suitable environment for juvenile shrimp culturing and the operational sex ratio of brood-stocks which provide ground knowledge for farming in the future.
The results of this study showed that, juvenile shrimp's total length、weight in long photoperiod group (14L:10D) grow better than short photoperiod group (7L:17D), but the photoperiod was no significant differently affected their survival rate . Among the different kind of shelters, the survival rates of juvenile shrimps was highest in blank group (90.000±7.091%), following with screen net group (90.000±6.047%). Garlic net group has the lowest survival rate (53.750±31.936%).Canopy openness of the materials did no significantly affect shrimp's body length、weight and survival rate. Following this result, breeders should keep the juvenile shrimp under long photoperiod environment, and the shelters can absent or just simply use screen nets.
On the other hand, according to second parts results of this study, brood stocks were divided into four groups male/female ratio such as 2:1、1:1、1:3、1:5. The results indicated that the brooding female shrimp's proportion and insemination period was no significant effect between the different sex ratio groups. Among these groups, sex ratio 1:1 group has the highest success hatching larvae, and the larvae numbers also significant higher than 2:1 groups. Filially, quadratic regression was applied to analysis the number of the success hatching larvae and suggested that the operational sex ratio for Caridina multidentata under artificial environments was supposed to be female:male=1:3 has best performance.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 Ⅵ
第一章 前言 1
1. 2文獻回顧 3
1. 2. 1台灣淡水蝦的分類現況 3
1. 2. 2繁齒米蝦(Caridina multidentata)簡介 5
1. 2. 3台灣淡水蝦的生殖模式及幼生發育形式 6
1. 2. 4繁齒米蝦的產業經濟價值及與當前產業困境 8
1. 2. 5台灣繁齒米蝦相關之研究 9
1. 2. 6求偶策略 10
1. 2. 7研究目的 12
第二章 材料與方法 14
2.1 實驗一. 長短光照週期下不同開闊度及介質種類對幼 14
蝦成長及存活率之影響 14
2.1.1 實驗生物的來源 15
2.1.2遮蔽介質的種類與實驗前準備 15
2.1.3介質開闊度的測定 16
2.1.4實驗設置 17
2.1.5數據量測方法 18
2.2實驗二 繁齒米蝦成蝦最適雌雄比 20
2.2.1實驗前準備 20
2.2.2實驗設置 21
2.2.3數據分析 23
第三章 結果 24
3.1實驗一 光照週期、遮蔽率及介質對繁齒米蝦幼蝦成長及存活率之影響 24
3.1.1.1 實驗因子:光照週期長短 24
3.1.1.2 實驗因子:介質種類 25
3.1.1.3 實驗因子:不同開闊度 26
3.1.2階段二 27
3.1.2.1 實驗因子:開闊度與不同介質間比較 27
3.2實驗二 繁齒米蝦成蝦最適雌雄比 29
3.2.1 雌蝦抱卵比例 29
3.2.2 雌蝦抱卵間隔天數 29
3.2.3 孵化幼苗數 30
第四章 討論 32
4.1 實驗一 光照週期、遮蔽率及介質對繁齒米蝦幼蝦成長及存活率之影響 32
4.1.1光照週期對繁齒米蝦幼蝦的影響 32
4.1.2介質種類對繁齒米蝦幼蝦的影響 35
4.1.3開闊度對繁齒米蝦幼蝦的影響 39
4.2實驗二 繁齒米蝦成蝦最佳雌雄比 39
4.2.1 性比偏斜原因 40
4.2.2 雌蝦受精間隔天數與成功幼苗孵化隻數之關係 45
第五章 結論 48
參考文獻. 49
附錄一.開闊度數值高低選擇 94

圖索引
圖1.本實驗的各種遮蔽介質 58
圖2.天然介質組之開闊度測量 59
圖3.人工介質組之開闊度測量 60
圖4.實驗一實驗架構 61
圖5.實驗一、二的環境與佈置 62
圖6.實驗一幼蝦全長量測拍照方式 63
圖7.幼蝦全長之量測 63
圖8.實驗一階段一之長短光照組間幼蝦平均存活率 64
圖9.實驗一階段一之長短光照組間幼蝦平均全長 65
圖10.實驗一階段一之長短光照組間幼蝦平均體重 66
圖11. 實驗一階段一第3個月長短光照組之不同介質中幼蝦 67
平均存活率 67
圖12. 實驗一階段一第3個月長短光照組之不同介質中幼蝦平均全長 68
圖13. 實驗一階段一第3個月長短光照組之不同介質中幼蝦平均體重 69
圖14. 實驗二各雌雄比間雌蝦平均抱卵比例 70
圖15. 實驗二各雌雄比間雌蝦平均抱卵間隔天數 71
圖16. 實驗二各雌雄比間幼苗平均孵化隻數 72
圖17.各雌雄比間幼苗平均孵化隻數之二次迴歸 73
圖18.繁齒米蝦螯足形狀 74
圖19. 水王孫組中的落葉多 74
















表索引
表1-1 實驗一階段一,水王孫組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 75
表1-2 實驗一階段一,金魚藻組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 77
表1-3 實驗一階段一,拂尾藻組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 79
表1-4 實驗一階段一,蒜頭網組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 81
表1-5 實驗一階段一,紗窗網組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 83
表1-6 實驗一階段一,空白組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 85
表2-1 實驗一階段二,水王孫組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 87
表2-2 實驗一階段二,金魚藻組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 88
表2-3 實驗一階段二,拂尾藻組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 89
表2-4 實驗一階段二,蒜頭網組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 90
表2-5 實驗一階段二,紗窗網組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 91
表2-6 實驗一階段二,空白組幼蝦平均存活率、體長、體重資料 92
表3 實驗二,雌蝦平均抱卵比例、雌蝦平均抱卵間隔及成功孵化幼蝦 數目資料 93

附錄索引
圖Ⅰ. 低密度(20克)水王孫組 96
圖Ⅱ. 中密度(40克)水王孫組 96
圖Ⅲ. 高密度(60克)水王孫組 96
圖Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ. 分成四等分測量開闊度的金魚藻組 97
圖Ⅷ、Ⅸ. 五種介質的開闊度均經過60%及70% 98
表ⅰ. 五種介質迴歸線方程式 99
表ⅱ. 五種介質在開闊度60%及70%中的重量 99

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