臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中正大橋建於民國71年7月，橫跨頭前溪為連接新竹縣竹東鎮、芎林鄉間主要橋梁之ㄧ，亦是往返科學園區及工研院的重要道路，交通地位重要。全橋共17跨，每跨間距40m，全長680m，雙向雙車道採標線分隔，橋面總寬10.1m，橋梁上部為簡支預力混凝土I型梁橋結構，下部則為RC圓柱式橋墩及沈箱基礎，原即屬列管之老舊危橋。由於橋址處屬沖刷河段，早期即建有固床工防止橋墩沖刷，惟歷經數次洪水造成固床工沖毀並產生向源侵蝕現象，危及橋墩安全。故於101年8月2日蘇拉颱風期間洪水摧毀右側固床工，並刷深河床約12m，造成P8、P9橋墩沈箱基礎嚴重裸露、傾斜，隨時有傾倒之虞。當時政府辦理封橋逾6個月，同時上游竹林大橋正進行施工改建中，導致跨越頭前溪同時有兩座橋梁無法發揮正常交通功能，因而影響交通至鉅。
本研究計畫之內容，依據中正大橋改建分析及探討相關工程施工之優劣比較，進而提出最佳建議之方案，本研究預期可達成下列之目的：
1、 改善老舊危橋：採大跨徑跨越河中深槽區以解決橋墩沖刷問題，減少長期維護經費及天然災害造成橋梁損壞與生命財產之損失，增進行車安全，降低用路人心理不安之非量化效益。
2、 符合設計規範及法規要求:改建老舊橋梁以符合最新頒布之橋梁耐震設計規範以及河川法規要求，提昇橋梁之耐震與抗洪能力，有效降低災害發生。
3、 配合地方歷史人文特色：選擇適合當地景觀並兼具使用性及美觀性之橋梁型式，期使本橋成為一顯著地標，促進地方觀光事業與經濟之發展。
4、 配合水岸空間計畫：間接效益為未來可配合水岸空間計畫，保留生態濕地作為緩衝區，臨岸部分則可提供當地居民及遊客親水、休憩空間。
本研究結論可供後續相關橋梁改建規劃及設計參考及使用。

The Zhongzheng Bridge was built in A.D. 1982 in July. It is the main road connecting the Zhudong Town of Xinzhu County and the main forest of the Yulin Country. It is also an important road to and from the Science Park and the Industrial Research Institute. The whole bridge has a total of 17 spans with a span of 40m and a total length of 680m. The two-way two-lane mining line is separated by a total width of 10.1m. The upper part of the bridge is a simple prestressed concrete I-beam bridge structure, and the lower part is an RC cylindrical pier. And the foundation of the sinking box, which was originally the old dangerous bridge of the tube. Since the bridge site is in the scouring section, solid bed workers were built in the early stage to prevent the pier from scouring. However, after several floods, the solid bed workers were destroyed and the source erosion occurred, which endangered the safety of the pier. Therefore, on August 2, 2012, during the typhoon Sula, the flood destroyed the right-hand solid bed worker and brushed the deep riverbed for about 12m, causing the foundation of the caisson of the P8 and P9 piers to be severely exposed and inclined, and there was a dumping at any time. At that time, the government closed the bridge for more than six months. As the current Zhulin Bridge is undergoing construction and reconstruction, it has caused two bridges to cross the head and the front of the river and the two bridges are unable to perform normal traffic functions, thus affecting the traffic.
The content of this research project is based on the analysis of the reconstruction of Zhongzheng Bridge and the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of related engineering construction, and then proposes the best proposal. The research is expected to achieve the following objectives: 1. Improve the old dangerous bridge: The large span spans the deep trough of the river to solve the problem of bridge pier scouring, reduce long-term maintenance funds and natural disasters, resulting in bridge damage and loss of life and property, increase vehicle safety, and reduce the non-quantitative benefits of passers-by. 2. Meet the design specifications and regulatory requirements: Reconstruction of old bridges to meet the latest requirements for bridge seismic design and river regulations, improve the seismic and flood resistance of bridges, and effectively reduce disasters. 3. Cooperate with local historical and human characteristics: Choosing a bridge type that suits the local landscape and combines usability and aesthetics will make the bridge a prominent landmark to promote local tourism and economic development. 4. Cooperate with the waterfront space plan: The indirect benefits are to match the waterfront space plan in the future, to preserve the ecological wetland as a buffer zone, and to provide the local residents and tourists with a hydrophilic and rest space.
The conclusions of this study can be used for reference and design of subsequent related bridge reconstruction planning and design.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………...iii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………...iv
目錄………………………………………………………………………………v
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………..vii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………….viii

第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………....………….....1
1.2 研究範圍……………………………………………………………..2
1.3 研究目的…………………………………………………….............3
1.4 研究架構…………………………………………………….............3
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 支撐先進工法……………………………………………….............5
2.2 節塊推進工法……………………………………………….............9
2.3 懸臂施工法………………………………………………...............12
2.4 預鑄預力節塊吊裝工法…………………………………...............15
第三章 現況分析
3.1 計畫工址區域現況............………………………...…………........20
3.2 工址區域交通概況…………………………...............…………....22
3.3 頭前溪治理計畫
3.3.1 相關河段治理計畫......……………………………………….........26
3.3.2 計畫河段洪水量......……………………………………….............27
3.3.3 計畫洪水位高程......……………………………………….............27
3.3.4 河川斷面與圖籍......……………………………………….............27
3.4 橋址附近相關水利設施……………………...................................29
3.5 都市計畫分區調查……………………...........................................30
3.6 計畫區域地質概況
3.6.1 地形地貌……………………..........................................................31
3.6.2 地層概況……………………..........................................................31
3.6.3 地質構造……………………..........................................................33
3.6.4 工址既有地質探查資料……..........................................................34
3.7 環境敏感區域調查……...................................................................35
3.8 環評水保問題研討……...................................................................37
3.9 自然與人文景觀研討…...................................................................39
第四章 關鍵課題與因應策略
4.1 改建橋段之位置建議
4.1.1 深槽區位置之預估及判斷……….……………………...................41
4.1.2 擬改建橋樑位置及跨距……….…………………….......................43
4.2 未改建橋段之安全評估
4.2.1 未改建橋段範圍……….……………………...................................44
4.2.2 耐震評估及補強準則評估方法……….……………………............44
4.3 跨距與橋樑型式分析與建議……….…………………….................47
4.4 臨時交通便橋之設置建議
4.4.1 關鍵問題……….……………………...............................................49
4.4.2 建議……….…………………….......................................................50
4.5 防止沖刷策略與建議…………………………………………………54
4.6 基礎形式選擇與建議…………………………………………………54
4.7 防蝕策略與建議………………………………………………………55
4.8 公共管線遷移對策……………………………………………………56
第五章 設計規劃
5.1 設計規範與標準
5.1.1 設計規範……....…………………………………..............................58
5.1.2 道路設計標準…………………………………………………………58
5.1.3 橋樑設計標準……………………………………………………..…..59
5.2 方案甲：斜張橋
5.2.1 橋樑規劃理念…………………………………………………………61
5.2.2 橋樑方案說明…………………………………………………………61
5.2.3 工程內容與經費概算…………………………………………………64
5.2.4 施工期程概估…………………………………………………………65
5.3 方案乙：鋼拱橋
5.3.1 橋樑規劃理念………………………………………….......................66
5.3.2 橋樑方案說明…………………………………………………………66
5.3.3 工程內容與經費概算…………………………………………………68
5.3.4 施工期程概估…………………………………………………………69
5.4 方案比較與建議
5.4.1 方案比較…………………………………..........................................70
5.4.2 方案建議…………………………………..........................................71
5.5 改建與未改建橋樑之介面處理
5.5.1 橋面寬度銜接處理………………………..........................................72
5.5.2 橋面高程銜接處理………………………..........................................72
5.5.3 介面處既有橋墩乘載能力檢討……………………….......................72
5.6 景觀工程規劃設計
5.6.1 橋護欄……………………….............................................................73
5.6.2 景觀路燈……………………….........................................................73
5.6.3 橋塔圖騰……………………….........................................................74
5.6.4 橋塔及整體燈光效果………………………......................................74
5.7 永續工程設計
5.7.1 永續規畫原則……………………….................................................75
5.7.2 節能減碳具體作為……………………….........................................76
5.8 與在地住民溝通規劃………………………..........................................77
第六章 結論與建議
6.1 研究結論……………………………………………….......................78
6.2 研究建議……………………………………………….......................79
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….........80

一、一般書籍
1.交通部公路總局，公路橋梁耐震評估及補強準則之研究，交通部公路總局，民98年。
2.臺北市政府勞工局勞動檢查處，橋梁上部結構施工安全作業手冊及圖說，民95年。
二、網路資料
1.維基百科 https://zh.wikipedia.org
2.中華民國交通部 https://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/index.jsp
三、 碩博士論文
1. 林協諭(2013)，以移動車輛所造成橋梁反應進行橋梁損傷評估之初步
研究，朝陽科技大學營建工程系碩士論文。
2. 周文彥(2012)，橋梁基礎沖刷深度與橋梁自然頻率之關聯性研究，
國立成功大學土木工程學系碩士論文。