臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

指紋一向被公認為最具有價值之人身鑑別依據，亦成為提供破案證據的最重要關鍵，台灣地區自民國三十八年起蒐集指紋卡片已逾一千萬份，對於指紋運用協助身分鑑定及犯罪偵查已確實發揮其效用。但對於紋型分布則缺乏完整的研究，故針對儲存在刑事警察局指紋室的卡片隨機抽樣四千五百四十九張進行研究，其紋型分布狀況如何，指紋分布究竟是否有種族，性別等因素的差異，左右手紋型是否有鏡像情形，指紋紋型流向是否有一定的傾向等，依其紋型分類作統計分析及檢定。
本研究發現弧形紋佔0.98%，帳形紋佔1.89%，正箕形紋佔47.54%，反箕形紋佔2.57%，斗形紋佔40.21%，囊形紋佔1.75%，雙箕形紋佔4.98%，雜形紋佔0.09%。紋型比例部分，正箕形紋與斗形紋二者佔所有資料的87.75%，但紋型組合方面十指均為斗形紋，佔抽樣資料的8.6%與希臘人3.2%有全斗，及美國聯邦調查局全斗佔1.86%的結果是大大不同。
除左食指及左中指外，男女性紋型分布是不同的，此結果與大部分文獻男女性紋型分布是不同的研究結果相同。除女性弧形紋最多為左拇指不同外，弧形紋、帳形紋、反箕形紋最多是出現在第二指，正箕形紋最多的是第五指，亞洲人斗形紋大部分以第四指為最高，雙箕形紋則是以第一指為最多，囊形紋最多的則是第四指，雜形紋出現較多是第二指均與外國文獻上的分布相同。就檔案種類比較，除右中指外，犯罪嫌疑人指紋與一般人民指紋對各指紋型分布上是沒有差異的。
抽樣資料針對左右手比較時，左右手對紋型分布有差異，弧形紋、帳形紋、正箕形紋、反箕形紋、雙箕形紋及雜形紋均是左手多於右手，僅斗形紋及囊形紋是右手多於左手。指紋紋型鏡像比較以左右拇指、左右小指以正箕形鏡像情形最高，而左右食指、左右中指、左右環指則以斗形紋鏡像情形最高。
指紋紋型流向部分，弧形紋、帳形紋以隆起部份移動方向，箕形紋箕口方向，雙箕形紋下位的箕口方向，囊形紋之大箕形線方向均有左手向左傾，右手向右傾之原則。斗形紋則是右手反時鐘方向旋轉，而左手為順時鐘方向旋轉。斗形類的追跡線，左手為內斗較多，右手為外斗較多。
與國內外文獻的比較，文獻上所載指紋紋型及性別等趨勢，與本研究大致相同，但中國及東亞一帶的黃種人，斗型出現較多，而箕型紋較少，與歐美等白種人，箕型紋的出現率很高，斗型出現率則有所下降為不同之處。

Fingerprint has long been utilized as a potent instrument for individualization and case resolving. Taiwan police authority has established ten-fingerprint cards according to the Henry classifications system ever since 1949, the total accumulated number of fingerprint cards has already been more than ten million until now.
This study aims at preceding a statistical analysis of fingerprint pattern distribution by randomly withdrawing the fingerprint cards up to 4549 sheets from the Fingerprint Section of Criminal Investigation Bureau in Taiwan for the purpose of identification.
Form the research outcome the percentages of the fingerprint types are as follows: plain arch, 0.98%; tented arch, 1.89%; ulnar loop, 47.54%; radial loop, 2.57%; plain whorl, 40.21%; central pocket loop, 1.75%; double loop, 4.98%; accidental, 0.09%. The total percentage of ulnar loops and whorls is 87.75%. 8.6% of the Taiwanese have all whorls on their fingers, shows an eminent distinction from those of other country in the world.
Significant differences between sexes were observed, expect finger Ⅱ,Ⅲof left hand. Plain Arches, tented arches, radial loops, accidentals most frequently on digits Ⅱ.Ulnar loops occur at a high frequency on digit Ⅴ.The majority of plain whorls and central pocket loops occur on digit Ⅳ.Double loops most frequently on digitsⅠ.The pattern distribution on individual in Taiwan is similar to the distribution in other country, expect plain arches among females. This study seems no significant differences in criminal files and normal people files, expect the right middle.
This study shows significant differences in bimanual pattern frequencies. Plain arch, tented arch, radial loop, ulnar loop, double loop, and accidental patterns are more on left hands than on right hands. Plain whorl, central pocket loop patterns appear more frequent on right hands than on left ones. The highest frequency of symmetrical distribution of ulnar loop are observed in the pair of first and fifth fingers, and the highest frequency of symmetrical distribution of whorl are observed in the pair of second, third, and fourth finger.
Plain arch, tented arch, loop, plain whorl, central pocket loop, and double loop are found with ulnar orientation. That means right flow direction on the right hand and vise versa on the left hand. Whorl is anticlockwise on the right hand, and clockwise on the left hand. Most of whorl tracing at the right hand is “outer”, while the left hand is “inner”.
The percentage of whorls in Taiwan is higher than that in the majority of European and American. That’s very difference.

第一章　緒論1
第一節　研究動機1
第二節　研究的重要性2
第三節　研究的目的3
第四節　研究範圍3
第五節　研究限制4
第二章　文獻探討6
　第一節　指紋紋型分類6
一、紋型線6
二、內端及三角7
三、箕形線內端8
四、箕形線外端10
五、斗形紋內端11
六、斗形線外端12
七、追跡線12
八、指紋八大類型15
　第二節　世界各國指紋紋型分布19
一、各國紋型分布19
二、指位與紋型分布20
三、性別與紋型分布24
四、檔案種類與紋型分布25
五、左右手與紋型分布26
六、指紋紋型鏡像情形27
七、指紋紋型流向與分布傾向29
　第三節　電腦系統資料庫與紋型關係31
一、指紋資料31
二、資料庫種類32
　第三章　研究設計38
第一節　研究流程38
第二節　分析架構40
第三節　抽樣與資料處理42
第四節　研究工具42
第五節　變項測量42
第六節　效度分析44
第四章　資料分析46
第一節　檔案分析46
第二節　指位與紋型分布48
一、不分指位分析48
二、以指位分析49
三、以紋型分析54
四、十指紋型組合58
五、研究發現60
　第三節　性別與紋型分布62
　　一、紋型比例63
　　二、以指位分析63
　　三、以紋型分析70
　　四、各指男女的卡方檢定74
　　五、研究發現76
　第四節　檔案種類與紋型分布78
　　一、紋型比例78
　　二、以指位分析79
　　三、以紋型分析86
　　四、各指檔案種類的卡方檢定90
　　五、研究發現91
　第五節　左右手與紋型分布94
　　一、不分性別及檔案種類分析94
　　二、性別分析94
　　三、檔案種類分析98
　　四、研究發現101
　第六節　指紋紋型鏡像情形102
　　一、各對應指紋型分布102
　　二、關聯性強度109
　　三、研究發現110
　第七節　指紋紋型流向111
　　一、紋型流向情形111
　　二、紋型追跡線的情形116
　　三、研究發現118
第五章　討論與結論119
　 第一節　研究發現119
第二節　討論124
一、整體資料124
二、與外國人紋型比較125
三、性別與紋型分布126
四、檔案種類與紋型分布126
五、左右手與紋型分布127
六、指紋紋型鏡像情形127
七、指紋紋型流向與斗形類追跡線127
　 第三節 結論與建議128
一、結論128
二、建議128
參考書目130
附錄一　各國及各地區紋型分布比較表136
附錄二　各指紋型次序表140
附錄三　指紋紋型次序表146
附錄四　各指指紋紋型分布情形153
附錄五　男女紋型差異比較表158
附錄六　男性左右手比較表162
附錄七　女性左右手比較表166

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參考書目
二、書籍：
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