臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

粉斑螟蛾（Cadra cautella (Walker)）及麥蛾（Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)）皆為世界性的積穀害蟲。在台灣，它們也常造成穀倉穀物嚴重為害。由於害蟲的族群動態會隨著貯藏環境溫度而消長。因此，在本研究中將會建立兩種害蛾於不同溫度（15〜35°C）下之生命表。而第二部份的實驗，則是會進行粉斑螟蛾分別以糙米和蘇氏人工飼料飼育之兩種生命表試驗（群體及個體飼育）。其主要的目的為建立大量飼育天敵之替代食餌的基礎資訊。而在本研究中所獲得的所有數據將基於兩性生命表理論以TWOSEX-MSChart程式進行分析。
在第一部份實驗中，結果顯示隨著溫度升高，粉斑螟蛾及麥蛾的發育時間會隨之縮短。於15℃下，粉斑螟蛾幼蟲未能完整發育至成蟲，麥蛾幼蟲也未能於15及35℃下完成其生活史。而在所有溫度處理中我們皆觀察到麥蛾於幼蟲期有極高的死亡率，約為50％或更高。在18、20、25和30℃下，麥蛾的內在增殖率分別為0.0201、0.0386、0.0793和0.1244d-1。粉斑螟蛾在20、25和30℃下，內在增殖率分別為0.0575、0.1173和0.1483d-1，但於35℃時，內在增殖率僅為 -0.0901 d-1。其表示粉斑螟蛾在此高溫下不利於族群增長。在繁殖率的部分，粉斑螟蛾於20、25和30℃下飼育，其繁殖率沒有顯著差異，但於35℃下，可觀測到最低的繁殖率，為每隻雌成蟲平均產下0.5粒卵。而麥蛾在30℃時，有最高的繁殖率，並顯著高於其他溫度組別下。總體而言，粉斑螟蛾及麥蛾於30℃條件下飼育有最快的族群增長率。
在第二部份實驗中，以蘇氏人工飼料飼育之粉斑螟蛾有最快的發育速率，且相較以糙米飼育，可產下更多的卵。比較以群體及個體飼育粉斑螟蛾，結果顯示，取食蘇氏人工飼料的粉斑螟蛾飼育於群體所需之發育時間最短，然而，當粉斑螟蛾取食糙米時卻有與此相反的結果。因此，根據本研究結果顯示，相較於天然食物糙米，蘇氏人工飼料更適合做為飼育粉斑螟蛾的最佳食物來源。此外，以群體的方式飼育粉斑螟蛾可以提高其發育速率。
以上所提供的資訊可作為粉斑螟蛾及麥蛾族群預測之參考資料，並可應用於大量飼育天敵之替代食餌的流程當中。

Cadra cautella (Walker) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) have been recognized as common pests of stored products worldwide. In Taiwan, they are also serious storage pests may infest amounts of stored rice. Because the population dynamic of insect pests is varied with the storage temperatures. The aim in this thesis is to establish basic information for two species of moths at different temperatures (15~35℃). Another part of experiment is related to two kinds of life table trials (group- and individual-reared) of C. cautella fed on brown rice and Sue’s artificial diet. In this part, the goal is to construct the basic information for mass-reared substitute prey for natural enemies. All the data in this study will be analyzed with TWOSEX-MSChart program based on Two-Sex life table theory.
In the result, we noticed a decrease in development period of C. cautella and S. cerealella with increasing temperatures. While larvae of almond moth failed to develop at 15℃, and so did larvae of the Angoumois grain moth at 15 and 35℃. A high mortality of S. cerealella was observed at all temperature treatments, about more than 50%. The intrinsic rate of increase of S. cerealella were 0.0201, 0.0386, 0.0793 and 0.1244 d-1, respectively at 18, 20, 25 and 30℃ and of C. cautella were 0.0575, 0.1173 and 0.1483 d-1, respectively at 20, 25 and 30℃. The negative value of intrinsic rate of increase (-0.0901 d-1) were obtained when C. cautella reared at 35℃. It reflects an adverse effect of population growth occurred when almond moth reared at this adverse high temperature. There had no significant difference in fecundity between C. cautella reared at 20, 25 and 30℃, but which had the lowest value, 0.5 eggs per female when reared at 35℃. The highest value of fecundity of S. cerealella was observed at 30℃, which was significant higher than that at other temperatures. Overall, both C. cautella and S. cerealella had the fastest growing of population when they reared at 30℃.
In another experiment, C. cautella fed on artificial diet could develop faster and produce more eggs than that fed on brown rice. Compare with individual-reared, group-reared almond moth on artificial diet had shortest developmental time, but the opposite result occurred when they fed on brown rice. According to the study, therefore, Sue’ artificial diet is an optimal food source for rearing C. cautella. Besides, C. cautella reared in groups may increase the developmental rate.
Data mentioned above can provide useful information for population projection of C. cautella and S. cerealella in warehouses and mass rearing alterative prey for natural enemies.

中文摘要 i
Abstract iii
Content v
Table of contents vii
Figure of contents viii
Introduction 1
Materials & Methods 4
1. Cadra cautella (Wlk.) culture 4
2. Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) culture 4
3. Age-stage, two sex life table of two species of moths at different temperatures 4
3.1 Group-reared life table of Cadra cautella 4
3.2 Group-reared life table of Sitotroga cerealella 5
4. Age-stage, two sex life table of Cadra cautella fed on two kinds of food source reared in groups and individually 5
4.1 Group-reared life history of Cadra cautella fed on different diets 5
4.2 Individual-reared life history of Cadra cautella fed on different diets 5
5. Data analysis 6
Results 8
1. Age-stage, two sex life table of two species of moths at different temperatures 8
1.1. Group-reared life table of Cadra cautella 8
1.2. Group-reared life table of Sitotroga cerealella 9
2. Age-stage, two sex life table of Cadra cautella fed on two kinds of food source reared in groups and individually 10
Discussion 12
1. Group-reared life table of Cadra cautella 12
2. Group-reared life table of Sitotroga cerealella 13
3. Group- and individual-reared life table of Cadra cautella fed on two kinds of food sources 14
References 16
1. Book 16
2. Journal Articles 16
3. Electronic Resources 20
4. Others 21
Appendix 38
Appendix 1. Ingredient of Sue’s artificial diet 38
Appendix 2. Mating device for adult of Cadra cautella 38
Appendix 3. Rearing device for preadult of Cadra cautella (Group-reared) 39
Appendix 4. Mating device for adult of Sitotroga cerealella 39
Appendix 5. Rearing device for preadult of Sitotroga cerealella 40
Appendix 6. Rearing device for preadult of Cadra cautella (Individual-reared) 40

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3.Electronic Resources
Chi, H (2018a) TWOSEX-MSChart: A computer program for the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. (http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/).

4.Others
Mills RB (1964) Laboratory studies of the biology and behavior of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.): Kansas State University.
Warrick C (2013) Aerating stored grain: cooling or drying for quality control, a grains industry guide. Grain research & development corporation 2015.