臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為政治言談分析，探討「政治素人」柯文哲的語言風格以及職業身份的轉變如何反應在語言使用上。本研究以Brown and Levinson(1978)提出的「禮貌理論」(politeness theory)中的面子威脅行為(face-threatening acts)補償策略為研究架構，並依研究問題分為兩部分做探討。
筆者先以稱謂語(address form)、規避(hedge)兩種說話策略分析柯文哲參選期間、上任市長後不同階段的語言風格，其中參選期間的特色為五種:「有話直說、不假修飾」、「庶民氣息的親和力」、「機智幽默的應答對策」、「爭議性言論」、「迴避」。上任市長後，在大部分的發言中，他仍不減有話直說的五種本色，甚至增加「我行我素」的特色；然而在面對敏感政治議題時，筆者發現上任市長後，他多傾向以規避的方式而沒有明確表達自己的政治立場。或許這也是「政治素人」走向「政治人物」的轉變開始，可做為未來政治言談分析的研究參考。
另一方面，柯文哲從「外科醫生」、「政治素人」到首都市長身分的轉變，最明顯的莫過於大量「醫學」譬喻(metaphor)出現在他使用的語言當中，而媒體、他人針對柯文哲所使用譬喻的評價、用語，確實也和他過去的醫師身份息息相關。因此，筆者建議當政治素人初入政壇，不妨藉由過去的職業背景如:醫生、教授、律師…等不同身份來強化自己的個人特質、妝點自己的政治色彩，提升個人的正面形象，藉以吸引選民的關注。

This study aimed to investigate the political discourse of a Taiwan political novice, Ko Wen-je, who had a career change from a surgeon to a Taipei mayor. Following Brown and Levinson’s (1978) theoretical framework of politeness theory about redressive strategies of face-threatening acts (FTA), I analyzed the changes of his communicative styles before and after the election.
First of all, I analyzed address forms and hedges as linguistic features, and generalized communicative styles before and after the election. The following five strategies were found to be the same: (1) direct speech, (2) solidarity, (3) clever and humorous responses, (4) controversial opinions, (5) hedges. But after the election, he adopted the strategies of “going his own way” and “avoiding sensitive political issues. After becoming the incumbent mayor, he tends to avoid expressing his political stance by using hedges. This finding confirms that, when a political novice becomes a politician, he might change his communicative styles on certain issues.
In addition, I found that the concept of medicine metaphor often appeared in Ko’s language use, and often in the positive comments made by the mass media about him, a reflection of Ko’s career change from a surgeon to a mayor. Thus, I suggest that a political novice make a good use of some metaphors about his/her past experience of profession, such as doctor, professor, lawyer…etc., in order to enhance their positive image and to attract the voters’ attention.

第一章 緒論1
1.1研究背景1
1.2研究動機2
1.3研究問題2
1.4論文架構3

第二章 文獻回顧4
2.1禮貌理論(politeness theory)4
2.2積極禮貌行為(positive politeness)策略8
2.2.1稱謂語(address form)8
2.2.2政治言談中的稱謂語研究10
2.3消極禮貌行為(negative politeness)策略11
2.3.1規避(hedge)策略11
2.4間接非公開(off record)策略12
2.4.1概念性譬喻(conceptual metaphor)13
2.4.2政治言談中的譬喻研究14
2.5小結16

第三章 研究方法17
3.1研究對象17
3.2研究範圍與語料搜集18
3.3分析方法19
3.3.1稱謂語(address form)21
3.3.2規避(hedge)策略24
3.3.3譬喻(metaphors)策略24

第四章 從「政治素人」到「首都市長」25
4.1稱謂語(address form) 25
4.1.1非禮貌性「稱謂語」(impolite address form)26
4.1.1.1參選期間26
4.1.1.2上任市長29
4.1.1.3小結31
4.1.2禮貌性「稱謂語」(polite address form) 32
4.1.2.1參選期間32
4.1.2.2上任市長36
4.1.2.3小結39
4.2規避(hedge)40
4.2.1非規避策略(non-hedge)40
4.2.1.1參選期間40
4.2.1.2上任市長44
4.2.1.3小結50
4.2.2規避策略(hedge) 51
4.2.2.1參選期間51
4.2.2.2上任市長54
4.2.2.3小結58
4.3結語59

第五章 「柯氏」語言與思維世界64
5.1柯文哲使用之譬喻(metaphor)策略64
5.2媒體、他人對柯文哲使用之譬喻評價76
5.3分析82

第六章 結論85
6.1總結85
6.2研究問題回答85
6.2.1研究問題一86
6.2.2研究問題二91
6.3研究貢獻92
6.4研究限制93
6.5未來研究建議94

參考文獻95

附錄101
附錄一:2014台北市長候選人電視辯論逐字稿101
附錄二:柯文哲台北市長當選感言123

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其他部分:
2014台北市長候選人電視辯論逐字稿(三立新聞台PART.1-PART.5)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAVep11oBcA&list=PLnGPjQIMvTrPxIY1rNo_s8jn0J1vNEyRE
20141129柯文哲醫師發表台北市長當選感言(完整字幕)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZFA5N2yjyc