臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地區有許多單循環氣渦輪機發電機組，因具有15分鐘內快速啟動之特性，然而卻僅有約26%之低發電效率，所以原本僅作為夏季尖峰緊急發電之用。然而，由於電廠設立受環保意識等阻力而造成電力短缺，此單循環機組往往被迫於尖峰及半尖峰時段皆須運轉發電；而且，單循環氣渦輪機之發電量極易受外氣溫度之升高而衰退。因此，本研究之目的乃在評估如何利用原本要排放至大氣的廢熱來改善此單循環機組，使其成為更有效率及產出更高發電量之系統。
為了準確地評估每一種氣渦輪機改善方式的成效，吾人開發了一通用的電腦程式，程式之可靠度亦經由實際電廠資料(主機為GE 6B與GE 7B)得到驗證，由模擬的結果顯示，從各種已證實的改善技術中，具有再生器之汽注入式循環在提昇發電量與發電效率上效果最顯著，而且藉由熱經濟可用能成本分析也可得知此系統之改造亦最符合經濟投資效益。
針對台灣高濕的氣候，以及考慮實際改造的困難度，在本文也提出一整合汽注入與進氣冷卻之系統，廢熱回收鍋爐所產生之高壓汽可注入燃燒室來增加系統之發電量及效率，而所產生之低壓汽可用來驅動吸收式冷凍主機以冷卻氣渦輪機組之進氣口空氣，此整合系統不僅可有效提昇發電量60%並可減少NOx排放，在高外氣溫度下，其發電量也沒有衰退之問題，甚至能有效調整熱電配比，將廢熱利用發揮於極致。

In Taiwan, many existing simple-cycle gas turbine generation sets (GENSET) that were originally designated as peak load units can be started up in a very short time(say 15 minutes), but suffer from very low efficiency (around 26%). Unfortunately, the simple-cycle units are forced to operate entire summer daytime due to the power shortage in Taiwan. In addition, the power generation of gas turbine degrades significantly during summer peaking hours (when electricity is most needed) due to the hot ambient temperatures. The aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of retrofitting these simple-cycle units into more advanced cycle with higher power output and efficiency.
A computer code was developed to evaluate the performance improvement of different modifications for simple cycle GENSETs. The accuracy of our developed code was validated by simulating the actual GE Frame 6B and 7B simple-cycle GENSETs. The results from computer simulation indicated that the steam injection gas turbine (STIG) cycle with regenerator was found to be the most effective in boosting both the power output and thermal efficiency among many proven technologies. From thermoeconomic analysis, the retrofitting project with STIG and regeneration features also has the best rate of return.
In the consideration of local hot/humid weather and the complication of retrofitting, the integration of STIG and inlet air cooling (IAC) was also proposed in this study. This integrated system can boost 60% of power output under hot and humid weather condition and greatly depress the emission of NOx. The performance of this system is less sensitive to ambient temperature, and its heat-to-power ratio can be swiftly adjusted to meet the actual demand.

目錄

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
符號說明 xi

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 氣渦輪機性能提升的方法 5
1-3 文獻回顧 11
1-4 本文架構 16
第二章 氣渦輪機系統之熱力學理論分析 17
2-1 前言 17
2-2 熱力分析模式 19
2-2-1 理想布雷頓循環 19
2-2-2 平衡方程式 20
2-2-3 熱力性能參數 24
2-3 系統模擬 25
第三章 氣渦輪機系統改造之熱力性能提升分析 39
3-1 程式驗證與模擬分析 39
3-2 系統描述 41
3-3 系統改造之性能分析 44
第四章 利用吸收式冷凍對氣渦輪機進氣冷卻之性能提升 65
4-1 氣渦輪機進氣冷卻系統 65
4-2 吸收式冷凍進氣冷卻系統及汽注入系統之整合 69
4-3 整合系統分析模式 72
4-3-1 分析軟體之整合 72
4-3-2 系統之改造與界面整合 74
4-4 程式驗證與結果討論 79
第五章 氣渦輪機廢熱再利用系統之熱經濟分析 95
5-1 可用能與熱經濟分析 95
5-2 熱經濟理論 97
5-3 各元件的可用能成本分析 100
5-4 結果與討論 102
第六章 結論 111

參考文獻 113
附錄 122

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