臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：探討整合式運動介入後對中老年人和青年人等速肌力效益及世代間改變差異。
方法：本研究共招募46位自願參與並完成實驗者，包括中20位老年人（年齡62.1±5.0歲，BMI 24.9±2.8）及大學生26名（20.5±0.9歲，BMI 22.0±3.2），中老年組和青年組。兩組共同在專人的指導下進行12週、每週兩次、每次75分鐘的包括有氧、伸展和阻力訓練的整合式運動，在於運動介入前（0週）、（13週）以等速肌力測定儀（Biodex System 4 PRO）測量180°/秒與60°/秒、45°/秒之肘關節（elbow joint）及膝關節（Knee joint）屈曲肌和伸值肌的各項肌力表現，包括相對峰值力矩（PT/BW）、總作功量（Total work）、瞬間加速力矩（TRTD）、達峰值力矩時間（Time to peak torque）和加速時間（Acceleration time）等各項參數的表現，以單因子共變數分析（one-way ANCOVA）來檢定運動介入後二組間依變項的變化情形。結果：在兩組改變的比較上，青年組肱三頭慢縮肌之相對峰值力矩進步（15.3%）顯著大於中老年組（12.9%），但肱二頭慢縮肌之總作功量則是中老年組增進 （20.4%）顯著大於青年組（9.8%），其他上肢肌力參數的進步則是兩世代間並無差異。在下肢青年組股四頭慢縮肌之相對鋒值力矩（19.6%）及股四頭快縮肌之加速時間（-11.3%）的進步幅度顯著大於中老年組（p〈.05），但在腿後肌群慢縮肌之相對鋒值力矩及瞬間加速力矩則是中老年組（PT/BW: 32.1%）（TRTD: 112.3%）進步幅度顯著大於青年組（PT/BW: 25.1%）（TRTD: 43.6%），在股四頭慢縮肌之總作功量及快縮肌之瞬間加速力矩的進步幅度（p〈.05）也是中老年組（PT/BW: 39.7%）（TRTD: 30.5%）顯著大於青年組（PT/BW: 28%）（TRTD: 27.5%），下肢其他參數的進步則是兩世代間並無差異。在組間前後比較上，兩組各自在上肢的瞬間加速力矩及達峰值力矩時間上均有顯著的進步（p〈.05），青年組的肱三頭快縮肌的相對峰值力矩有顯著進步（17.5%，p〈.05）；在下肢二組內的改變，則是青年組在等速肌力各參數均有顯著性的進步（p〈.05），中老年組股四頭快縮肌僅在相對峰值力矩達顯著進步（19.6%, p〈.05），其中腿後肌群慢縮肌等速肌力各個參數的表現均有顯著的進步（p〈.05），在腿後快縮肌的肌耐力（總作功量30.5%）、代表肌肉爆發力與敏捷度的瞬間加速力矩及加速時間亦有明顯進步（40.9%，-17.6%，p〈0.05）。結論：整合式運動能有效地改善下肢的肌力品質，特別是青年人作用肌慢縮肌之最大肌力及快縮肌之敏捷度，對中老年人則主要增進於拮抗肌群腿後肌群之慢縮肌功能，此外，中老年人的下肢快縮肌則應予以強化的運動訓練。整體而言，運動介入後對中老年人與青年人的肌力增進皆有效益，但在不同世代間肌力收縮速度的參數進步各有特質，此結果可應用於健身房及運動訓練上的參考；建議日後於實務上整合式運動應強化上肢的訓練，以補足有氧舞蹈部分以下肢為主的設計。

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effects of multicomponent exercise (ME) training on isokinetic strength in young and middle-aged adults.
Methods: 46 healthy participants completed the study and were assigned to either a young group (YG, n=26, 20.5±0.9 years) or a middle-aged group (MAG, n= 20, 62.1±5.0 years). Both groups performed 75 minutes of progressive ME training program led by certified fitness instructors 2 days per week for 12 weeks. The isokinetic strength in the upper extremities (UEs) and lower extremities (LEs) were measured at 45°/s and,60°/s when inducing the slow twitch (ST) fibers and at 180°/s when activating the fast twitch (FT) fibers using the Biodex System 4 PRO at baseline and after training. The isokinetic parameters included peak torque/body weight (PT/BW), total work (TW), time rate of tension development (TRTD), time to peak torque (TPT), and acceleration time (AT).
Results: in the UE, the YG showed a significant (p〈0.05) increase in the PT/BW of the triceps (15.3%) as compared to the MAG (12.9%) at 45°/s, but in the case of the TW of the biceps at 45°/s, the MAG (20.4%) showed a significant improvement as compared to the YG (9.8%). However, no significant between–group changes were observed for the other isokinetic parameters. In the LE, the YG demonstrated a significantly greater (19.6%, p〈0.05) increase in the quadriceps PT/BW at 60°/s as compared to the MAG (17%), but the quadriceps the TW at 60°/sec and the TRDT and AT at 180°/s, and the hamstrings for the PT/BW, and TRTD at 60°/s showed a significant (p〈0.05) increase in the MAG as compared to the YG.
Conclusion: In this study, ME training was shown to improve isokinetic strength according to the various measurement parameters. However, the benefits of LE muscle strength were not found to be the same in different generations, where the young adult’s maximum quadriceps strength for the (agonist) slow-twitch (ST) fibers and the agility of the fast-twitch (FS) fibers increased. In the MAG, ME was found to improve isokinetic strength in the ST fibers of the hamstrings (antagonist). However, ME demonstrated a limited effect on isokinetic strength for UEs in both groups. Therefore, it is suggested that adding a greater variety to resistance training programs and more intensity in the UEs is instance applicable.

第壹章緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究假設 5
第四節 操作型定義 5
第五節 研究範圍與限制 6
第六節 研究重要性 7
第貳章 文獻探討 8
第一節 整合式運動介入對中老年人肌力的影響 8
第二節 運動介入對坐姿生活型態者的體適能改變 11
第三節 等速肌力的測量與特色 13
第四節 運動劑量之探討 14
第參章 研究設計與方法 16
第一節 研究對象 16
第二節 研究設計 16
第三節 研究方法 17
第四節 實驗流程 17
第五節 運動介入 18
第六節 資料處理與統計分析 21
第肆章 結果 22
第一節 受試者基本資料 22
第二節 上肢之等速肌力數值之變化 22
第三節 下肢之等速肌力數值之變化 26
第伍章 討論 32
第一節 不同世代的上肢等速肌力之變化 32
第二節 不同世代的下肢等速肌力之變化 33
第陸章 結論與建議 36
ㄧ、結論 36
二、建議 36
參考文獻 37
附錄 51

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