臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

番茄為世界重要之蔬果作物之一，病蟲害種類繁多，尤其在台灣高溫多濕的環境下栽培，常發生病蟲害問題，在細菌性病害方面，青枯病為番茄栽培的重要問題，其次為由 Xanthomonas spp.引起的細菌性斑點病，在全世界造成經濟損失，防治此病害主要是施用含銅藥劑，但長期的使用含銅藥劑已經造成細菌性斑點病病原菌產生抗藥性，再加上病原菌可藉由種子污染而傳播，致使防治不易。從台灣南部高屏地區栽培的辣椒與番茄分離的細菌性斑點病原菌，完成柯霍氏法則，並進行 PCR 的鑑定，確認分離的病原菌包含Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) 與 Xanthomonas perforans (XP)。從土壤分離所得四種生物防治用的菌株，代號分別為 01、08、44 及 46，經鑑定01為Bacillus atrophaeus、08為Bacillus mojavensis、44為Burkholderia vietnamiensis、46為Bacillus atrophaeus，經過抑制試驗測定，01、08與46的菌液與濾液在培養基上對 XP 都有抑制能力，進行接種試驗的生物防治試驗，若先接種一週後，再分別以農藥及生物防治菌進行防治，對於細菌性斑點病沒有顯著的效果 (p>0.05)，若先分別以農藥及生物防治菌進行防治，之後再接種，對於細菌性斑點病有顯著的效果 (p<0.05)。

Tomato is an important fruit crop in Taiwan. Taiwan is located in the subtropical region. The high temperature and high humidity should be beneficial to the growth of plant pathogens, including Xanthomonas spp. The bacterial spot has caused serious tomato diseases in the world. In the past, the way to prevent and treat this disease was mainly using copper-containing agents. But e long-term use of copper-containing agents has already caused many bacterial spot pathogens to develop resistance. In addition, the speed of transmission is always fast, and the speed of prevention cannot stop the speed of disease diffusion. Excessive use of pesticides is also likely to cause environmental hazards and possibly harm human. Several bacterial isolates were collected and isolated from leaf lesions of chili and tomato plants from commercial fields in Kaoshiung and Pintung areas. These isolates were ferther confirmed their pathogenicity through Koch’s postulated on its host plants under controlled environment and the isolates were subsequently identified as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) and X. perforans (XP) using polymerase chain reaction. In seeking microorganism that has biocontrol property to fight with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) and X. perforans. They are Bacillus atrophaeus(01)、Bacillus mojavensis(08)、Burkholderia vietnamiensis(44)、Bacillus atrophaeus(46) . In vitro, they all expressed strong inhibition property against leaf spot bacteria(p < 0.05). However, the preliminary test in greenhouse showed that these four bacteria only have protective effect but no curative property.

謝誌 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 V
目錄 VII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XI

第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 番茄栽培與病害 3
2-1-1 番茄栽培 3
2-1-2 番茄病害 4
2-2 細菌性斑點病（Bacterial Spot） 14
2-2-1 細菌性斑點病介紹 14
2-2-2 台灣的細菌性斑點病 16
2-3 芽孢桿菌 (Bacillus) 17
2-4 伯克氏菌 (Burkholderia) 18
2-5 實驗使用菌株介紹 18
2-6 生物防治 19
第三章 研究方法 21
3-1 病原菌樣本採集 21
3-2 菌株分離與保存 21
3-3 病原性確認 22
3-4 病原菌鑑定 22
3-5 拮抗菌鑑定 24
3-5-1 16s rDNA鑑定 24
3-5-2 Biolog 鑑定 25
3-6 拮抗菌抑制能力測試 25
3-6-1 Water Agar 25
3-6-2 挖孔 26
3-7 生物防治 27
3-7-1 溫室盆栽試驗（一）－先後防治之差異 27
3-7-2 溫室盆栽試驗（二）－先後防治之差異 28
3-7-3 溫室盆栽試驗（三）－先後防治之差異 29
3-7-4 溫室盆栽試驗（四）－大番茄與小番茄防治之差異 30
第四章 結果 32
4-1 病原菌採集 32
4-2 菌株分離 32
4-3 病原性確認 32
4-4 病原菌及拮抗微生物菌種鑑定 33
4-5 藥劑試驗 33
4-6 溫室盆栽試驗－先防治與先接種再防治之差異 33
4-7 溫室盆栽試驗－大番茄與小番茄防治之差異 34
第五章 討論 36
5-1 植物病害病徵相似 36
5-2 菌種菌落型態相似 36
5-3 細菌性斑點病菌株抗銅性 36
5-4 接種試驗環境需求 37
5-5 接種套袋時葉片接觸塑膠布 37
5-6 先接種農藥防治病害的效果 37
5-7 銅劑外的防治方法 38
5-8 本篇論文研究方式之優勢 38
5-9 細菌性斑點病生物防治之可行性 .39
第六章 結論 41

參考文獻 43

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