臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在於探討JIS SACM 645滲氮用合金鋼進行氣體及電漿滲氮處理後對機械性質的影響。於氣體滲氮製程中，比較滲氮時間及基材硬度對機械性質的影響；電漿滲氮是在530℃持溫24小時的條件下進行，並與同參數之氣體滲氮製程做比較。以磨耗試驗、耐疲勞試驗及耐腐蝕性等分析，確認經滲氮處理條件提升表面硬度，增加耐磨耗和耐疲勞性，並提升耐腐蝕性質。由XRD分析結果得知，SACM 645氮化鋼經氣體及電漿滲氮後，其表面形成一層由Fe3N所組成之化合物層，俗稱白層，其硬度介於1000~1100HV0.1之間。由磨耗結果顯示，在530℃下施以氣體滲氮，耐磨耗性隨滲氮時間及基材硬度的增加而增加。電漿滲氮件的耐磨性優於氣體滲氮件。氮化在SACM 645鋼材表面形成Fe2-3N和Fe4N化合物層，降低腐蝕電流密度，使耐腐蝕性得以改善。而SACM 645滲氮之前先經淬火回火後在高溫回火到35HRC再經530℃氣體滲氮48小時的情況下，其疲勞限由416MPa提高到632MPa，增加51.9％，為本研究之最佳提高耐疲勞特性之製程參數。

This research is to study the effect of the nitrided case produced by gas and plasma nitriding processes on the fatigue and wear endurance of the JIS SACM 645 steel. In gas nitriding, the effect of different substrate hardness and nitriding holding time was compared, Plasma nitriding was carried out at 530°C for 24h, and compared with gas nitriding. The hardness of surface layers of the nitrided specimens was fallen in the range between 1000–1100HV0.1, and the phases of the nitrided case were consisted of Fe2-3N and Fe4N. Wear test result indicated that the mass loss of JIS SACM 645 steel was greatly reduced by nitriding processes. From the mass loss data, the wear resistance of the steel was significantly influenced by nitriding time. The fatigue strength of the 35C-GN48 nitrided specimen was risen to 632 MPa, which was the maximum fatigue strength in this study.

摘要 Ⅰ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 ⅩⅠ
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 滲氮用鋼 3
2.2 氣體滲氮 4
2.2.1氣體滲氮之反應機構 5
2.3 電漿滲氮 7
2.3.1 輝光放電 9
2.3.2 浮動電位 10
2.4 腐蝕理論 11
2.5 磨耗機制 13
2.6 疲勞性質 19
2.6.1 反覆應力作用 19
2.6.2 破裂面 20
第三章 實驗步驟 24
3.1 實驗材料 24
3.2 實驗儀器 25
3.3 實驗流程與參數 26
3.4滲氮層微觀結構與性質量測 28
3.4.1 微觀組織與微硬度 28
3.4.2 壓痕試驗 29
3.4.3 X-ray 繞射分析 29
3.4.4 元素縱深分析 29
3.5 電化學分析 29
3.6 磨耗測試 30
3.7 疲勞試驗 32
第四章 結果與討論 33
4.1滲氮層結構觀察 33
4.1.1 原材及氮化後基材之變化 33
4.1.2 滲氮層金相組織 34
4.1.3 微硬度試驗 40
4.1.4 表面改質層分析 43
4.1.4.1 氣體滲氮 43
4.1.4.2 電漿滲氮 45
4.2 電化學分析 48
4.3 磨耗 54
4.3.1 表面粗糙度 54
4.3.2 摩擦係數 56
4.3.3 耐磨耗性質 59
4.3.4 磨痕 62
4.4 疲勞試驗 66
4.4.1 耐疲勞性質 66
4.4.2 疲勞破斷面觀察 71
第五章 結論 74
參考文獻 76

圖目錄

圖2.1氣體滲氮反應機構圖 6
圖2.2電漿滲氮機制示意圖 8
圖2.3直流輝光放電之電壓對電流曲線圖 9
圖2.4 Langmuir探針曲線 10
圖2.5磨耗機制 14
圖2.6(a) 黏著磨耗、(b) 擦傷磨耗、(c) 表面疲勞磨耗、(d) 化學摩擦
反應磨耗 14
圖2.7黏著磨耗 15
圖2.8黏著部之弱材料被剪斷 15
圖2.9刺傷與刮除 16
圖2.10表面疲勞磨耗的過程 16
圖2.11腐蝕膜被剝離的情形 17
圖2.12應力循環數曲線 21
圖3.1 疲勞試棒尺寸 25
圖3.2電漿滲氮系統 25
圖3.3實驗流程圖 27
圖3.4電漿滲氮製程參數圖 27
圖3.5腐蝕測試裝置示意圖 30
圖3.6PLINT磨耗試驗機 31
圖3.7應力棒支撐台之擺桿與近接開關之Sensor 32
圖4.1基材硬度為30HRC，在530℃氣體滲氮48小時SACM 645試片經Nital腐蝕的微觀結構 34
圖4.2氣體滲氮SACM 645試片橫截面圖，(a) 530℃×12h、(b) 530℃×24h、(c) 530℃×48h 35
圖4.3氣體滲氮之表面硬度壓痕型態，(a) 530℃×12h、(b) 530℃×24h、(c) 530℃×48h 36
圖4.4氣體滲氮於530℃×48h 之SACM 645試片橫截面圖，(a) 30HRC、(b) 35HRC、(c) 40HRC 37
圖4.5 530℃×48h之氣體滲氮件表面硬度壓痕型態，(a) 30HRC、(b) 35HRC、(c) 40HRC 38
圖4.6 530℃×24h之滲氮SACM 645試片橫截面微觀組織，(a) 氣體滲氮、(b) 電漿滲氮 39
圖4.7 530℃×24h滲氮件之表面硬度壓痕型態，(a) 氣體滲氮、(b) 電漿滲氮 39
圖4.8 530℃氣體滲氮12、24、48小時之微硬度分佈曲線 41
圖4.9淬火回火SACM 645 (30、35、40HRC) 經530℃氣體滲氮48小時後之微硬度分佈曲線 42
圖4.10淬火回火SACM 645 (30HRC)經530℃氣體及電漿兩種滲氮處
理24小時後之微硬度分佈曲線 42
圖4.11經530℃氣體滲氮48小時SACM 645試片之X-ray繞射疊
圖 44
圖4.12淬火回火SACM 645 鋼材經530℃氣體滲氮48小時之GDOS元素濃度分佈曲線 45
圖4.13經530℃電漿滲氮24小時SACM 645試片之X-ray繞射疊圖 46
圖4.14淬火回火SACM 645 鋼材經530℃電漿滲氮24小時之GDOS元素濃度分佈曲線 47
圖4.15淬火回火30HRC基材與530℃氣體滲氮12、24、48小時 SACM
645試片之極化曲線 49
圖4.16不同基材硬度經530℃氣體滲氮48小時SACM 645試片之極化曲線 51
圖4.17不同滲氮製程處理SACM 645試片之極化曲線 53
圖4.18為各實驗參數之摩擦係數對時間曲線圖：（a）30-TMS（b）30C-GN12（c）30C-GN24（d）30C-GN48（e）35C-GN48（f）40C-GN48 (g) 30C-PN24 58
圖4.19淬火回火至30HRC之SACM 645鋼材及經氣體滲氮試片之質量損失對時間圖 60
圖4.20在530℃氣體滲氮48小時的情況下，基材硬度為30HRC、35HRC及40HRC試片之質量損失對時間圖 61
圖4.21在530℃滲氮24小時的情況下，氣體及電漿滲氮試片之質量損失對時間圖 61
圖4.22-1淬火回火30HRC SACM 645鋼材及各氣體滲氮試片表面磨 痕之表面型態SEM照片：（a）30-TMS （b）530℃×12h （c）530℃×24h（d）530℃×48h 63
圖4.22-2在530℃氣體滲氮48小時的情況下，不同基材硬度試片之磨痕表面型態SEM照片：（a）30HRC（b）35HRC（c）40HRC 64
圖4.22-3在530℃滲氮24小時的情況下，氣體及電漿滲氮試片之磨痕表面型態SEM照片：（a）氣體滲氮（b）電漿滲氮 65
圖4.23在530℃氣體滲氮24小時試片磨耗表面EPMA分析所得之元素分佈圖 65
圖4.24淬火回火至30HRC之SACM 645鋼材及其經氣體滲氮試片之
S-N曲線圖 67
圖4.25在530℃氣體滲氮48小時的情況下，基材硬度為30HRC、35HRC及40HRC試片之S-N曲線圖 68
圖4.26在530℃滲氮24小時的情況下，氣體及電漿滲氮試片之S-N曲線圖 70
圖4.27試棒經扭力疲勞試驗後之破斷面組織：（a）30-TMS（b）30C-GN12（c）30C-GN24（d）30C-GN48（e）35C-GN48（f）40C-GN48（g）30C-PN24 73

表目錄

表3.1使用材料之化學成分(wt％) 24
表3.2試片之熱處理方式及其代號 28
表4.1經不同氣體滲氮時間處理SACM 645試片之Icorr（A/cm2） 49
表4.2不同基材硬度經氣體滲氮處理SACM 645試片之Icorr （A/cm2） 51
表4.3不同滲氮製程處理SACM 645試片之Icorr（A/cm2） 53
表4.4各參數之滲氮處理其磨耗面及未磨耗面之表面粗糙度(μm) 55
表4.5各參數之滲氮熱處理其磨耗面之摩擦係數 57
表4.6各組試棒的疲勞限 68

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