臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本文旨在探討以電力電子的相關學理，應用於電力品質的量測技術之研發。文中研究以個人電腦，配合電壓及電流偵測裝置及類比/數位界面，達成低成本的三相電力品質量測系統，本文中，結合電力電子原理及相關的演算法則，來設計電腦軟體程式，及配合相關硬體，達成電力系統的電壓、電流、實功率、虛功率、功因、偏移因數，諧波及頻譜分析。此外，本文並結合數位濾波器、零點偵測、波形重整與映成及快速傅立葉演算法則，以進行諧波及頻譜分析。相關量測結果的顯示及輸出，亦考慮親和性，以期容易為使用者接受。本文利用具高速計算能力的個人電腦，發展低價位的電力分析儀，並與世界知名廠牌之量測儀表作一比較，結果均甚為接近。

Abstract
This thesis studies designing a power quality measurement system, which consists of a personal computer, some voltage and current sensing devices, and analog/digital interfacing circuits. The whole system is implemented by using power electronics principle. This is a low cost measurement system, as a result, it can be widely used in industry and laboratory. A software package, based on the power electronic application and computer algorithm has been developed. By suitably combining the software and hardware circuits, the proposed analyzer can measure and calculate voltage, current, real power, reactive power, power factor, displacement factor, harmonics, and frequency spectra. The waveform shapping algorithm and the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) have been developed to compute harmonics as well as power spectra. The display of the data and figures is also carefully designed. The proposed measurement system is easily used, as a result, it is easily accepted by the users﹒This thesis has developed a low cost power analyzer by using a personal computer which has the strong computation ability. This thesis, therefore, provides a useful instrument for measurement.

目錄
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………1
1.1簡介……………………………………………………1
1.2研究背景與動機………………………………………1
1.3目的……………………………………………………3
1.4大綱……………………………………………………4
第二章 電力品質介紹…………………………………………5
2.1簡介……………………………………………………5
2.2電壓、電流與諧波探討………………………………7
2.3實功率、虛功率、視在功率分析……….…………9
2.3.1實功率…………………………………………10
2.3.2 視在功率…………………………………….10
2.3.3虛功率 …………………………………………12
2.4功因、偏移因數介紹………………………………………12
2.4.1 功因…………………………………………………12
2.4.2偏移因數………………………………………13
第三章 量測技術之分析………………………………………14
3.1簡介……………………………………………………14
3.2量測原理………………………………………………14
3.2.1信號週期估測……………………………………14
(1)零點估測法……………………………………14
(2)自相關函數估算………………………………17
3.2.2數位濾波器…………….…………………………21
3.3快速傅立葉轉換…………………………………………29
3.3.1基本原理……………………………………………29
3.3.2 諧波大小及相位計算..…………………………33
3.3.3波形重整與映成原理……………………………38
第四章 硬體電路…………………………………………………45
4.1簡介………………………………………………………45
4.2並列埠信號量測模組……………………………………45
4.2.1電壓偵測器硬體電路………………………………46
4.2.2電流偵測器硬體電路………………………………47
4.2.3類比數位轉換界面………………………………47
4.3通用序列匯流排信號量測模組….…………………………52
4.3.1 USB規格與軟、硬體需求………………………..…52
4.3.2 USB量測裝置電路…………………………………….57
第五章 軟體程式…………………………………………………59
5.1 簡介………………………………………………………59
5.2整體介面處理軟體程式……………………………………60
5.3 快速傅立葉軟體程式……………………………………60
5.4 數值插補及映成軟體程式………………………………...61
5.5 USB主機端應用程式…………………………………………62
第六章 實測及比較………………………………………………66
6.1 簡介………………………………………………………66
6.2 實測與比較結果…………………………………………66
第七章 結論……………….. ……………………………………95
參考文獻……………………………………………………………96
附錄…………………………………………………………………100
LabWindows/CVI程式…………………………………………….100

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