臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

重油為原油製程中的產物之一，且為工業上不可或缺之燃料，先前已有研究探討控制燃燒（controlled burning）條件下之重油燃燒污染物，但鮮少以非控制條件下的露天燃燒（free burning）進行燃燒污染物探討。此外，研究指出液體燃燒尺度影響其燃燒特性，因此本研究將探討燃燒尺度對重油火災燃燒特性與污染物生成之影響。
本研究於ISO 9705標準房間燃燒試驗抽氣罩下進行，並進行三種尺度之重油燃燒實驗（直徑20 cm、40 cm及60 cm），以分析尺度對燃燒行為及燃燒污染物生成之影響。實驗過程中量測質量損失率、熱釋放率、輻射熱通量及火焰溫度等數據，燃燒產生之氣體經抽取後進行三個模組之氣體污染物濃度採樣分析：PSN（particulate matter, SO2 and NOx）模組包含量測燃燒氣體中的粒狀物、二氧化硫及氮氧化物濃度，PAHs（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons）模組量測多環芳香烴化合物濃度，不鏽鋼採樣筒（canister）模組量測揮發性有機物（volatile organic compounds, VOCs）濃度。
實驗結果顯示，重油穩態燃燒時，質量損失率、熱釋放率、輻射熱通量及火焰溫度皆隨燃燒尺度增加而增加，但燃燒尺度較大時因空氣不易進入，導致燃燒效率較差，使得產生之一氧化碳與煙產量也較多。PSN採樣結果顯示，因尺度較大之重油燃燒效率較差，導致粒狀物之總排放濃度與排放係數皆隨燃燒尺度增加而增加。二氧化硫之總排放濃度亦隨燃燒尺度增加而增加，但排放係數隨燃燒尺度增加而降低；氮氧化物則因各尺度之重油燃燒時，未達其反應溫度而無法生成。PAHs採樣結果顯示，因尺度較大重油燃燒時火焰溫度較高與燃燒效率較差，導致總排放濃度及高環PAHs排放比例皆較高。此外，PAHs排放係數隨燃燒尺度增加而降低。VOCs採樣結果顯示，重油燃燒時其芳香類（aromatic）化合物之排放比例遠比烷類（alkane）、烯類（alkene）、鹵碳類（halocarbons）及醛酮類（carbonyls）高出許多，而燃燒尺度對VOCs的生成濃度無明顯之趨勢。

Heavy oil is a petroleum product, and an important fuel. Previous studies have investigated the products of controlled burning of heavy oil (in a boiler) and their effects on environment and living creatures. However, the size of fuel is an important parameter. This study investigated the effect of fuel size on the “free burning” behavior and pollutant production of heavy oil. The diameter of fuel was 20, 40 and 60 cm. Mass loss rate, heat release rate, heat flux and flame temperature were measured. The concentrations of combustion products were measured in three groups: PSN, PAHs and VOCs. Our data showed that the mass loss rate increased with fuel size. However, the combustion efficiency was decreased with fuel size because the mixing of entrained air with fuel volatiles was not effective in larger fuel pans. More CO and soot were produced in larger pans. Additionally, the PSN data showed that the amounts and emission factor of PM were increased with fuel size due to low combustion efficiency. Further, the total emission concentration of SO2 was increased with size. However, the emission factor of SO2 was decreased with fuel size. NOx was not found in the experiment because the flame temperature did not reach the reaction temperature of NOx. Moreover, PAHs data showed that the total emission of PAHs increased with fuel size and the emission fraction of 3-6 ring PAHs was higher with larger fuel pans because of higher flame temperature and lower combustion efficiency. Additionally, the VOCs data showed that the emission fraction of aromatic was much higher than those of alkane, alkene, halocarbons and carbonyls although there exists no clear trend of VOCs production with fuel size.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章、緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究方法與步驟 2
第二章、文獻回顧 3
2.1液體燃料火災燃燒特性 3
2.2煙及燃燒污染物 10
2.2.1煙的定義及量測 10
2.2.2空氣污染物 13
2.2.3多環芳香烴化合物 20
2.2.4揮發性有機化合物 26
2.2.5戴奧辛與呋喃化合物 28
2.3重油燃燒及危害 31
2.3.1重油組成成份與用途 33
2.3.2重油燃燒污染物與危害 34
第三章、重油火災燃燒特性與燃燒污染物分析實驗 36
3.1實驗材料 37
3.2燃燒實驗設計與設備 38
3.3燃燒污染物採樣實驗設計與設備 40
第四章、實驗結果與討論 43
4.1重油燃燒特性分析 43
4.2重油燃燒污染物特性分析 48
4.2.1粒狀物、二氧化硫及氮氧化物採樣分析 48
4.2.2多環芳香烴化合物採樣分析 50
4.2.3揮發性有機化合物採樣分析 56
第五章、結論與建議 60
參考文獻 62
附錄 重油燃燒實驗數據及多環芳香烴採樣數據 69

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