臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

看不見的手這個廣為流傳，並對現實世界發揮了極大的影響力的隱喻，在主流的經濟自由主義的詮釋下，與亞當斯密文本的意含有著很大的差距，知識與隱喻在現實社會與政策辯論中，成為論戰和說服的工具，亞當斯密作為西方思想史的經典作家，運用其話語就等於增加了引述者的說服力量，然而，如果不對亞當斯密的思想有所瞭解，這將涉及訴諸作者權威的謬誤。探詢『看不見的手』的原意，提供與主流見解不同的詮釋看法，這是我們研究的焦點。正義是社會賴以存在的基本條件，自由市場並不是無政府，看不見的手所隱喻的自然自由體系，是要在正義概念的前提下的合作和競爭，也就是說，自由市場交換是在特定條件與制度文化框架下，個人自由選擇，意圖之外所產生的經濟利益，在此，私人利益與公共利益的矛盾，透過遊戲規則的制定，獲得完滿的解決。
經濟上強調利己的經濟成長，政治上強調公共精神。亞當斯密認為公共利益等同於工人和消費者，反應在由經濟增長帶來的高所得和低物價，在自然自由制度下，個人依照其利益，在看不見的手這個隱喻的市場機能下，能促成公共利益。但在政治領域上，公共利益的界定必須有從政者的智慧和制度。

Abstract
Adam Smith is one of the mostly widely read eighteenth-century thinkers, enjoying a scholar reputation among economist, social scientists, political theorists, as well as philosophers. It is frequently believed that the great eighteenth-century Scottish moral philosophy Adam Smith was an extreme dogmatic defender of laissez-faire.
It seems clear that Adam Smith has undergone an ideologically based reinterpretation. Smith’s ”invisible hand” , the most famous metaphor in economics and social science, has been identical with the automatic equilibrating mechanism of the competitive market. Free-market exchanges can unintentionally produce economic well-being, but only under certain specific conditions. Smith’s thesis is that the invisible hand works because, and only when, people operate with restrains self-interest in cooperation with others under the precepts of justice. I found that public spirit, or civic virtue was, for Smith, a vitally important aspect of political economy. I noted that for Smith all constitutions must be judged by the happiness of the people who live under them. Thus, government plays the read role in securing the common good in society.

目次
第一章緒論 1
一 研究動機 1
二 亞當斯密問題 4
三 文獻回顧與文本詮釋方法 7
四 研究範圍和章節安排 12
第二章亞當斯密的思想淵源與著作簡介 16
一 亞當斯密的思想淵源 16
二、 蘇格蘭啟蒙運動 17
三 道德情操論和國富論 22
四 斯密的著作簡介 25
第三章 看不見的手 33
一亞當斯密關於看不見的手的三個段落 33
二 對於看不見的手的各種詮釋 36
第四章 財富、德行與自由 43
一 自利與自愛 43
二、財富與德行 45
三 主張經濟成長的原因 46
第五章 政府與市場 53
一 財產權、法治與經濟發展 53
二、保護消費者和工人 53
三、關稅與財政收入 55
四、軍事與國家安全 56
五、維護市場自由競爭 60
六、防範分工造成的道德危機 62
第六章 公共利益與政治經濟學 67
一 政治學與經濟學 67
二 政治行為與經濟行為 70
三 知識分子和政治人物 76
四 結論 81
參考書目 82

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