臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

人類科技進步，產生工業含油污水污染海洋，以及頻繁溢油事故，傳統的處理油污方法具有吸收速率低、低選擇性、重複使用性低的缺點，因此，高效率油/水分離是值得研究的議題。
Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)具有低毒性、生物相容性、親水性，因此，本實驗使用低毒性PVP/脫脂棉花作為過濾膜，此過濾膜長時間分離油/水並保持穩定的流速，且水中油含量極低，分離效果佳，然而在複雜環境(酸、鹼、高鹽度)水溶液能穩定分離油/水混合液。PVP/脫脂棉花壓縮後進行油/水分離，PVP/脫脂棉花進行油/水乳化液(震盪)分離，分離後水中油包明顯去除，分離效果良好，分離效率>99.9%。壓縮後，PVP/脫脂棉花進行油/水乳化液(界面活性劑)分離，分離後水中油含量極低，分離效率>99.5%。

Recently, the growth of oil production and transportation resulted in the greater potential for accidental oil spills. Thus, oil/water separation has become a worldwide challenge. For this reason, there is a need to invent new materials for the separation of large amounts of organic pollutants in water system.
In this work, we describe simple methods for fabricating superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated cotton. The superhydrophilic PVP-coated cotton separated a range of oil/water mixtures effectively with high water flux (>61000 L m-2 h-1) and good oil/water separation efficiency under the drive of gravity. Moreover, after performing a simple compression process, the superhydrophilic PVP-coated cotton could also separates both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency (>99.5 %), making it a promising candidate material for use in oil/water separations.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 III
總目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1油/水混合液分離 1
1.2油/水乳化液分離 1
1.3研究目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
2.1.親、疏水現象 2
2.1.1表面接觸角：楊式方程式(Young''s equation) 2
2.1.2 Wenzel''s Theory 3
2.1.3 Cassie''s Theory 4
2.1.4滾動角 5
2.2超疏水與超親油之油/水分離材料 5
2.3超親水與水下超疏油過濾材料 11
2.4磁性吸油材料 20
2.5 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 22
第三章 實驗流程 24
3.1實驗材料與藥品 24
3.2實驗設備及原理 26
3.2.1水滴接觸角量測儀 ..26
3.2.2掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM) 26
3.2.3超音波振盪機 28
3.2.4氣相層析儀/火焰離子化偵測器(Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector，GC/FID) 28
3.2.5十點攪拌器 30
3.2.6紫外光/可見光吸收光譜儀(UV/Visible Absorption
Spectrometer) 31
3.2.7光學顯微鏡(Optical Microscope) 32
3.2.8傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer) 32
3.3實驗步驟 34
3.3.1棉花過濾膜製備 34
3.3.2壓縮棉花過濾膜製備 35
3.3.3調配鹽酸、氫氧化鈉、高鹽度水溶液 36
3.3.4調配油/水混合液 36
3.3.5 調配油/水乳化液 36
第四章 結果與討論 39
4.1 PVP/脫脂棉花表面微結構 39
4.2 PVP/脫脂棉花潤濕特性 42
4.2.1 PVP/脫脂棉花於空氣中之表面接觸角 42
4.2.2 PVP/脫脂棉花於水下之親、疏水現象 43
4.2.3 PVP/脫脂棉花於油下之親、疏水現象 45
4.3油/水混合液分離 48
4.3.1油/水分離 48
4.3.2連續油/水分離 51
4.4耐強酸、強鹼、高鹽度油/水混合液分離 54
4.5油/水乳化液分離 55
4.5.1油/水乳化液分離(震盪) 55
4.5.2油/水乳化液分離(Tween80) 62
4.5.3重複使用棉花之油/水乳化液分離 70
第五章 結論 71
第六章 參考文獻 72

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