臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在Android系統上開發程式，Google提供了Software Development Kit (SDK)及Native Development Kit (NDK)開發工具，分別用來開發JAVA及C的程式APP。
通常新手開發人員並不會注重程式的效能，所以使用Dalvik code或native code對他們來說並不重要。但當他們的應用程式在Android上的執行效能不佳情況出現時，他們就會開始煩惱什麼時機要使用Dalvik code或native code。另外，在國內外文獻中大多都不是用Android實體設備或者是使用模擬器中完成文獻資料數據，這導致與實體Android設備得到的結果會有很大落差。其次，Google Play商店上使用NDK開發的比例以及Dalvik code和native code的效率比較，可以提供新手開發人員開發程式的一個參考。還有目前Android裝置大多都是多核心系統，在多執行序程式部分Google並沒有提供一個最佳化執行序數給程式開發者參考。
在本文中，我們使用完整的方法提供開發人員參考資料:
1. Google Play商店上使用NDK的比例以及使用在何種功能上。
2. 在Android設備上進行Dalvik code與native code效能分析。
3. 多核心上開發程式時所建議的執行序數目。
論文中做了三種方法的實驗，首先在Google Play商店上分析了28項目，280支Android熱門軟體的結果，我們發現使用NDK與沒有NDK技術比例為3:7。其次在實體Android裝置上實作了12項測試程式的效能分析，發現native code比Dalvik code的速度整體上快了34.14％。最後進行了多執行緒運算測試並提供了最佳效能發生在執行緒數等於核心數等結果。

In Android system, Google provides Software Development Kit (SDK) and Native Development Kit (NDK) for user to develop JAVA and C programming application.
A junior developer usually does not focus on the performance of the program that using Dalvik code or native code. When the performance of their program becomes pool, they start to consider that what time to use Dalvik code and native code. In most of the papers, comparisons between Dalvik code and native code were obtain by PC or simulator that the results are not reliable. The proportion of the Apps in Google Play using Dalvik code and native code and benchmark of the two provides a good reference for novice. Also, most of the Android devices are multi-core systems. There is no recommend for the developers that how many threads should be used in multi-core systems.
In this paper, we provide some recommends for junior developer.
1. The proportions of the Apps in Google Play using Dalvik code and native code.
2. Use Android devices to analysis performance of Dalvik code and native code.
3. The best number of threads in multi-core systems.
In this paper, we do the three experiments. First, we analysis 28 categories with 280 top Android apps in the Google Play store. We find that the ratio of using of NDK and with no NDK is 3:7. Second, we use 12 benchmark programs to analysis the performance of Dalvik code and native code in the real Android device. We find that the overall speed of native code is 34.14% faster than the Dalvik code. Finally, the results multithreaded computing test provides that the optimal number of threads is equal to the number of CPU core.

摘要 I
Abstract II
Table of Contents III
List of Figures IV
List of Tables V
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 2
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Thesis Organization 3
Chapter 2 Related Work 4
2.1 Android SDK and Google Play 4
2.2 JNI and Android NDK Overview 7
2.3 The Relevant Discussion 9
Chapter 3 Analysis Methods 12
3.1 Analysis NDK Usage in Google Play 12
3.2 Benchmark Dalvik and Native Code in Android System 14
3.2.1 Implementation of JNI OnLoad() Function 16
3.2.2 Adjust Maximum Heap Size in Android System 18
3.2.3 Exclude Application Not Responding (ANR) 20
3.3 Multi-Thread Optimization 22
3.3.1 Observe the State of the Multi-Thread on Android Device 25
Chapter 4 Experimental Results 26
4.1 Experimental Environment 26
4.2 Experiment Results 28
4.2.1 Results of NDK Usage in Google Play 28
4.2.2 Results of Benchmark Dalvik and Native Code 30
4.2.3 Experimental Results of Multi-thread Optimization 39
4.3 Summary 46
Chapter 5 Conclusions 47
References 49
Acknowledgements 55

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