臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究首先開發空氣中雙酚A(Bisphenol A)之採樣分析方法，並進一步實地到台灣南部兩家聚碳酸酯成型工廠，以可吸入性粉塵採樣器(IOM)及微孔均勻沉積衝擊器採樣器(Micro-Orifice Unifice Uniform Deposition Impactor, MOUDI)採集聚碳酸酯製品(polycarbonate, PC)成型廠空氣中雙酚A之暴露濃度分佈及粒徑分佈，並據以推估呼吸道不同區域雙酚A之沉積量。此外亦針對聚碳酸酯製品進行雙酚A萃取試驗，以探討聚碳酸酯製品中殘留雙酚A濃度與空氣中雙酚A暴露濃度間的關連性。
本研究已成功開發空氣中雙酚A之採樣分析方法，實際進行雙酚A採樣及分析的結果發現: (1)光學級PC原料中所殘留未反應雙酚A濃度高於射出級PC原料；(2)使用光學級PC原料的工廠，空氣中雙酚A暴露濃度為32.28~44.97 ng/m3，明顯高於使用射出級PC原料的工廠(16.16~19.39 ng/m3)，此結果與PC塑料品萃取試驗結果相吻合；(3)射出成型加熱區雙酚A的暴露濃度相對較高，係因PC塑料品在加熱的過程中易導致雙酚A的逸散；(4)作業環境中雙酚A之粒徑分布呈現單峰分布，其MMAD為0.84 µm，而GSD為1.97；(5)在PC射出成形製程中雙酚A經加熱後逸散至空氣中之微粒大部分會沉積於鼻腔區(約佔63.37%)，其次為肺泡區(約佔30.7%)及氣管與支氣管區域(約佔5.93%)。
由此可知勞工暴露於雙酚A後仍有30.7%會到達肺泡區，顯示PC射出成形製程亦應針對細微粒之雙酚A採取適當之防護措施。

This study established the sampling techniques and analysis methods of airborne bisphenol A (A-BPA) exposure in workplaces, and provided results of field surveys for two PC molding plants in southern Taiwan. The inhalable dust sampler as IOM and the micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor as MOUDI were used for samples collection to evaluate the level and particle size distribution of A-BPA in the two PC molding plants. Such data were subsequently used as a base to estimate the amount of deposition in different regions of respiration tract.
In addition, sampling and analysis of BPA content in PC raw material was also performed to provide data for evaluating the relationship between residual BPA in the PC raw material and level of A-BPA exposure to the air.
Results of this study revealed that (1) the level of residual, un-reacted BPA from the PC raw material of optical grade was observed to be higher than that from the PC raw material of injection grade; (2) BPA exposure concentrations detected from the plant using optical grade PC material ranged from 32.28 to 44.97 ng/m3 which were significantly higher than BPA exposure concentrations (16.16 to 19.39 ng/m3) detected from the plant using injection grade PC material; (3) emission of BPA increased during the course of heating process; and (4) under working environment, the particle size distribution showed a single mode distribution, with a MMAD of 0.84 µm and a GSD of 1.97; and (5) most of A-BPA particles were observed to be deposited in the nasal cavity region (63.37%), following by alveolus (30.7%), and trachea and bronchus (5.92%), which indicated that the protective strategies for fine BPA particles should be adopted in workplace to reduce the exposure of A-BPA.

中 文 摘 要 I
Abstract III
致 謝.... V
目 錄.. VI
表 目 錄 X
圖 目 錄 XI
第 一 章 緒 論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
第 二 章 文 獻 回 顧 4
2-1雙酚A(BPA)之概述 4
2-2雙酚A在工業方面的應用 7
2-3 雙酚A毒性資料 9
2-3-1 雙酚A毒性值(Toxicity values)評估 9
2-3-2 雙酚A毒性事件 9
2-4 雙酚A對人體健康之危害 11
2-4-1 雙酚A攝食研究 11
2-4-2 雙酚A暴露研究 11
2-5 聚碳酸脂合成方法 14
2-5-1 界面聚光氣法 14
2-5-2 熔融酯交換法 15
2-6 高效液相層析檢測雙酚A之相關技術 17
2-6-1 HPLC運用於食品檢測技術 17
2-6-2 HPLC運用於環境檢測技術 17
2-6-3 HPLC運用於生物體檢測技術 18
2-7 空氣中採樣雙酚A之相關處理技術 19
2-7-1 雙酚A空氣中採樣技術 19
2-7-2 HPLC和GC比較 20
第 三 章 實 驗 方 法 與 步 驟 22
3-1 實驗藥品與實驗設備 22
3-2 實驗分析儀器原理 25
3-2-1 IOM可吸入性粉塵採樣器（IOM） 25
3-2-2微孔均勻沉積衝擊器採樣器（MOUDI） 26
3-2-3高效率液相層析儀（HPLC） 27
3-2-4凝膠滲透層析儀（GPC） 28
3-2-5熱重分析儀（TGA） 29
3-3 研究架構 30
3-4空氣中雙酚A採樣分析方法建立 33
3-4-1 分析條件的建立 34
3-4-2 採樣介質的決定 34
3-4-3 脫附溶劑的選擇 34
3-4-4 檢量線製作 35
3-4-5 脫附效率測試 35
3-4-6 儲存穩定度測試 35
3-4-7 偵測極限(LOD)及定量極限(LOQ)的測定 36
3-5 PC原料萃取與物性分析 37
3-6作業環境空氣中雙酚A暴露評估 40
3-6-1 PC工廠介紹 40
3-6-2空氣中雙酚A暴露濃度之採樣策略 43
3-6-3空氣中雙酚A暴露濃度資料分析 44
3-6-4作業勞工雙酚A呼吸道不同區域之暴露濃度推估 45
第 四 章 結 果 與 討 論 49
4-1 BPA空氣中採樣分析方法建立 49
4-1-1 分析條件建立 49
4-1-2 檢量線製作 51
4-1-3 脫附溶劑篩檢結果 53
4-1-4 脫附效率測試結果 56
4-1-4 穩定度測試結果 59
4-1-5 BPA偵測極限(LOD)及定量極限(LOQ)測定 60
4-2 PC原料萃取與物性分析結果 61
4-2-1檢量線製作 61
4-2-2 PC原料萃取試驗結果 63
4-2-3 GPC分子量測定 65
4-2-4 TGA熱性質測定 68
4-3空氣中雙酚A暴露評估 70
4-3-1作業環境空氣中雙酚A暴露濃度分布 70
4-3-2作業環境空氣中雙酚A粒徑分布 76
4-3-3作業勞工雙酚A呼吸道不同區域之暴露濃度推估結果 84
第 五 章 結 論 85
參 考 文 獻 87

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