傳統的聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體（PU Foam）其結構多呈現疏水性，對於水的親和力較差，本論文探討當固定胺觸媒（Catalysts）和鏈延長劑（Chain Extender）得配方下，用不同種類的聚醚多元醇以不同的混合比，與NCO=20%的MDI以一定的配方比在常溫下進行聚合反應，來製備出軟質且高吸水性的聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體（PU Foam），並將樣品進行各種物性的測試，觀察並比較其對於物性與結構上所造成的差異性。
本論文對PU Foam的方法主要有:
1. 透過SEM進行觀察PU的孔徑大小與內部結構
2. 使用TGA對PU Foam測量脫水速率與熱裂解溫度
3. 使用硬度計測量PU Foam 的硬度變化
4. 使用Instron測量PU Foam的機械性質
5. 透過DMA測量PU Foam的玻璃轉換溫度
由實驗結果可以發現，在SEM觀察下當使用兩種聚醚多元醇與異氰酸酯反應時，所形成的聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體，閉孔數目相對比只用單一種多元醇所製成的聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體的閉孔數目少。而與聚醚多元醇混合的NCO=20%使用量增加時，除了玻璃轉換溫度、modulus值會提高外，也會使孔洞數變多，脫水速度變快，最後可由TGA了解到熱裂解溫度只會受異氰酸酯用量的影響，與多元醇的用量沒有關係。

The conventional Polyurethane foam (PU Foam) appears hydrophobic and the water affinity is therefore poor. This thesis investigates the polymerization reaction at room temperature when different compositions of MDI (NCO=20%) was reacted with polyether polyol.
Methods adopted for analyzing the present PU Foam
1. Used SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) to observe the PU Foam’s pore size and internal structure
2. Used TGA(Thermogravimetric Analysis) to analyze thermal decomposition temperature(Td) and dehydration rate of the PU Foam.
3. Testing the PU Foam's hardness
4. Used the Instron to test the mechanical properties of the PU Foam.
5. Used DMA(Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) to analyze the glass transition temperature of the PU Foam.
From the results of the experimental results, we find that when two types of polyether polyol react with MDI (NCO=20%), the number of the close-type pore is less than that of using one type polyether polyol. Then, when more MDI (NCO=20%) was added, in addition both the Tg (Glass transition temperature) and modulus swelled up, and more pores were formatted which caused a faster dehydration rate. Finally, from the results of TGA analysis, we find that the PU foam’s Td is only affected by the amount of MDI used, not affected by the amount of polyether polyol used.

中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………...II
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….III
目錄 …………………………………………………………………………..IV
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………………..VI
表目錄 …………………………………………………………………………..XI
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………..1
1-1前言 …………………………………………………………………………1
1-2研究目的………………………………………………………………………..1
第二章 文獻回顧與原理介紹………………………………………………………..2
2-1聚胺基甲酸酯（Polyurethane，PU）………………………………………...2
2-2微相分離理論…………………………………………………………………..5
2-2-1 軟鏈節效應……………………………………………………………...6
2-2-2 硬鏈節效應……………………………………………………………...6
2-3聚胺基甲酸酯的配方組成…………………………………………………….7
2-3-1 多元醇（Polyol）………………………………………………………7
2-3-2 異氰酸酯（Isocyanates）………………………………………………9
2-3-3 鏈延長劑……………………………………………………………….12
2-3-4 催化劑(Catalysts) ……………………………………………………...15
2-3-5 發泡劑 ( Blowing agents ) …………………………………………….17
2-4聚胺基甲酸酯的反應機構……………………………………………………19
第三章 實驗方法……………………………………………………………………21
3-1實驗流程圖……………………………………………………………………21
3-2實驗儀器………………………………………………………………………22
3-3實驗藥品………………………………………………………………………23
3-4製作吸水性PU Foam的製備 ……………………………………………..24
3-5物性測試………………………………………………………………………25
3-5-1 試片製備……………………………………………………………..25
3-5-2 表面結構分析 － Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope
（FE-SEM）…………………………………………………………………………25
3-5-3 熱裂解與脫水速率分析 － Thermogravimetric Analysis（TGA）26
3-5-3-1 熱裂解分析…………………………………………………………..26
3-5-3-2脫水速率分析………………………………………………………….26
3-5-4 硬度分析 －Durometer Hardness………………………………………27
3-5-5 玻璃轉化溫度－Tg……………………………………………………...27
3-5-6 機械強度和拉伸長度分析－Instron……………………………………28
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………………………29
4-1親水性PU Foam的物性分析………………………………………………..30
4-1-1 PU Foam表面與內部的泡孔結構………………………………………30
4-2 PU Foam熱裂解溫度與脫水速率的分析…………………………………...40
4-2-1 PU Foam 熱裂解分析…………………………………………………...40
4-2-2 PU Foam 脫水速率的分析……………………………………………...46
4-3硬度分析………………………………………………………………………50
4-4 PU Foam機械性質的分析…………………………………………………...54
4-5 PU動態機械性質分析(DMA) ………………………………………………60
第五章 結果與建議…………………………………………………………………65
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………68
附錄 …………………………………………………………………………70

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