臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣在 1998 年以美國為主要參考國而制定出堪稱亞洲第一部的家庭暴力防 治法,宣告法入家門的時代來臨。美國對家暴案件的拘捕與起訴制度是採用與一 般犯罪不同的強制逮捕與禁止撤回制度,而台灣即參考美國強制逮捕制度,形成 現今家暴防治法所規定的家暴拘捕制度,惟在起訴制度上則是回歸一般犯罪處理, 進而當案件屬於告訴乃論罪時,現行家暴拘捕制度所搭配的起訴制度即為一般犯 罪告訴乃論起訴制度。
本論文從保護家暴被害人權益的角度出發,觀察台灣現行家暴拘捕與告訴乃 論起訴制度是否真能保護家暴被害人,還是會造成被害人二次傷害。筆者首先探 討法律制定當時,家庭暴力以及家暴被害人是如何被描繪與看待,進而發現台灣 的家暴拘捕與告訴乃論起訴制度是不相一致,而在這樣的不一致之下,造成實務 上難以落實家暴拘捕的目的,為被害人帶來不利後果。另外,我們所預設的家暴 與被害人形象,是具有侷限性,忽略了家暴問題所涉及的許多結構性壓迫,以及 被害人的多元面貌。則,若欲解決現行不一致的家暴拘捕與告訴乃論起訴制度所 產生的問題,進而完整參考美國,除了採行強制逮捕外,尚將告訴乃論起訴制度 改為美國禁止撤回,這樣較一般犯罪更為強制與壓縮被害人聲音的家暴處理作法, 至多也只能處理與保護立法形象內的家暴問題與被害人,而不僅無法徹底處理所 有家暴問題,還反而可能對被害人造成二次傷害。
基於上述這樣的發現,筆者最後主張,台灣不應貿然完整納入美國禁止撤回 制度,而仍應維持現行的家暴拘捕制度與告訴乃論起訴制度,並促使警察應以保 護被害人安全為是否執行拘捕的主要考量因素,接著在逮捕之後,採行修復式司 法,讓多元複雜的家暴問題與被害人能夠擁有不同選擇,而更可能獲得處理與保 護。

第一章、緒論 4
第一節、論述背景與問題意識 4
第二節、研究方法與研究範圍 7
第三節、論文架構 9
第二章、台灣與美國家庭暴力拘捕與起訴制度 12
第一節、 規範家庭暴力的法律 12
第二節、家庭暴力拘捕與起訴制度制定歷史 14
第一項、 傳統警察與檢察官對家庭暴力案件的刑事處理 15
第一款、美國傳統檢警對家暴案件的刑事處理 15
第二款、台灣家庭暴力防治法制定前檢警對家暴案件的處理 19
第二項、兩國的家庭暴力拘捕與起訴政策制定歷史 20
第一款、美國 20
第二款、台灣 30
第三款、小結 35
第三節、家庭暴力拘捕與起訴法制的現況 36
第一項、強制拘捕政策 36
第一款、美國的無令狀逮捕 36
第二款、台灣的應逮捕與得逕行拘提 40
第二項、 起訴制度 41
第一款、美國的禁止撤回制度 42
第二款、台灣的告訴乃論罪與非告訴乃論罪 45
第三項、小結 46
第四節、台灣近年來的家暴拘捕與起訴實況 48
第一項、近年來的家暴概況 48
第二項、近年來家暴的拘捕與起訴統計 50
第一款、警察 50
第二款、檢察官 53
第三項、小結 54
第三章、立法基礎不一致的家暴拘捕與告訴乃論起訴制度 56
第一節、 家暴與家暴被害人形象 56
第一項、 家庭暴力是父權性別壓迫問題 56
第一款、家庭暴力是由性別壓迫家長父權制所產生 56
第二款、父權結構漠視與增長家暴行為 60
第三款、台灣也描繪出是父權社會結構產生家暴問題 61
第二項、父權家暴底下的被害人是非理性弱者 67
第一款、家暴被害人被動順從,無法積極做出正常決定 67
第二款、被害人因為無助與創傷而選擇不離開 72
第三款、 台灣也描繪家暴被害人為不理性無助者 75
第三項、小結 80
第二節、家暴拘捕與告訴乃論起訴制度所呈現的家暴被害人形象 80
第一項、家暴與被害人形象展現到強制逮捕與禁止撤回制度 80
第二項、立法形象展現到台灣的家暴拘捕制度上 85
第一款、一般犯罪與家暴犯罪的逮捕與逕行拘提 86
第二款、一般犯罪與家暴犯罪拘捕的被害人意願 87
第三款、小結—家暴與家暴被害人形象展現到拘捕制度 90
第三項、立法形象未呈現到告訴乃論起訴制度上 91
第一款、立法者對於家暴案件告訴乃論起訴制度的討論 91
第二款、當家暴案件屬於告訴乃論罪時 93
第三款、與拘捕制度呈現的家暴被害人形象不相一致 96
第四款、小結—被害人形象未呈現到告訴乃論起訴制度上 97
第四項、小結—呈現不一致被害人形象的拘捕與告訴乃論起訴 98
第四章、家暴拘捕與告訴乃論起訴制度的矛盾問題與其侷限 100
第一節、不一致的拘捕與告訴乃論起訴所生的矛盾與問題 100
第一項、制度呈現的被害人形象彼此不一致 100
第二項、國家某程度的推卸責任 101
第三項、家暴拘捕目的不易實現 105
第一款、拘捕與否以被害人告訴與否為前提因素105
第二款、被害人告訴與否為拘捕與否的前提因素是否恰當 107
第三款、家暴案件以被害人告訴與否決定拘捕與否的問題 110
第二節、強制逮捕與禁止撤回制度的侷限 119
第一項、父權以外的結構性壓迫 119
第一款、多元化的家暴類型 120
第二款、只關注性別壓迫會產生的問題 124
第三款、承認性別以外的其它壓迫 128
第四款、多元化家暴類型性別以外的其他壓迫 135
第五款、小結—家庭暴力

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三、中文部分 (一)專書
01. 林俊益,《刑事訴訟法概論(下)》,新學林,2014年2月,11版1刷
02. 林鈺雄,《刑事訴訟法(上)》,自版,2013年9月,7版1刷
03. 林鈺雄,《刑事訴訟法(下)》,自版,2013年9月,7版1刷
04. 柯麗評、王珮玲、張錦麗,《家庭暴力理論政策與實務》,巨流,2005年
05. 高鳳仙,《家庭暴力防治法規專論》,五