臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前世界各國皆積極發展再生能源發電，以2013年5月歐洲太陽光電工業協會(European Photovoltaic Industry Association)報告指出，全球的PV裝置容量高達102.2GW，每年發110TWh(1,100億度電)，而經建會推估2017年全球PV將達到288GW至422GW之間，也就是說以PV發電將是未來再生能源發電主流。
為了弭補PV在晚上無法發電的缺點，電池儲能系統(Battery Energy Storage System, BESS)將可被運用來提高太陽光能的利用效率。電能儲存系統種類廣，從最小的二次電池，如鋰離子電池，大至抽蓄水力儲能或空氣壓縮儲能系統，其儲能最主要功用皆是將再生能源發電的電能，儲存至該系統中，當再生能源系統無法輸出電力時，此時可利用儲能系統，將既存的電力來供應該電網。
當在饋線上裝置一新再生能源時，須符合該國家之電壓規範，以台電為例，在配電系統中，再生能源併接容量不得超過5,000kWp，且電壓變動率不得超過2.5%，因此為了提高再生能源的利用率，本文考慮加裝電池儲能系統，當超越該饋線匯流排電壓變動率所允許的再生能源發電實功率最大注入量時，將能量儲存起來，以利夜間或負載離峰時使用。
本論文主要目的為研討以電池儲能系統提高PV併網容量，並考量其投資成本與獲得的效益，進行太陽能與儲能系統之成本效益分析與靈敏度分析。

Presently, the renewable energy generation has been being developed all over the world. In May 2013, the European Photovoltaic Industry Association reported that the global installed capacity of PV had reached 102.2GW to generate 110TWh annually. The Council for Economic Planning and Development of Taiwan estimated that the global installed PV capacity will reach in the range between 288GW and 422GW in 2017. In other words, PV power generation will become the mainstream of renewable energy generation in the future.
To overcome the shortcoming that PV systems could not generate power at night, the Battery Energy Storage System would be installed to improve the harness efficiency of the solar energy. The types of energy storage system are ranging wide from the smallest secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries to the pumped-storage hydroelectric power generation station or the compressed air energy storage system. The most important function of the energy storage system is that the stored renewable energy can be utilized to supply the power grid when the renewable energy systems cannot generate electrical power. When installing renewable energy systems in a distribution feeder, one must comply with the voltage variation rules. Take Taipower’s distribution system for instance, the capacity of renewable energy system is not allowed to be higher than 5,000kWp and the voltage variation before and after its installation should not exceed 2.5%. Therefore, in order to improve the utilization of renewable energy, this thesis proposes to incorporate the battery energy storage system with the PV system to store excess power by the PV system when the power injection to the grid may cause the violation of voltage variation rule.
This thesis aims to use the BESS to increase the penetration of the PV systems in distribution systems, and to investigate the cost-benefit analysis and sensibility analysis.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致謝 v
目錄表 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3文獻探討 2
1.4論文架構 3
第二章 太陽光伏發電系統與電池儲能系統介紹 4
2.1太陽光伏發電系統介紹 4
2.2電池儲能系統介紹 6
第三章 研究方法與模擬軟體 14
3.1 PV與BESS運轉控制流程 14
3.2成本效益分析 19
3.3 OpenDSS配電系統模擬軟體簡介 23
3.3.1 OpenDSS程式架構 23
3.3.2 OpenDSS中之PV模型 24
3.5 模擬分析流程 28
第四章 模擬分析與結果 29
4.1饋線系統與PV系統參數設定 29
4.2 BESS之儲能售電方式 31
4.3台電購電價格 32
4.4 PV與BESS最大成本效益計算方式 33
4.5 PV模擬分析與結果 35
4.5.1狀況A : 既有PV裝置容量下，額外加裝BESS 42
4.5.2狀況B : 一地區新增PV裝置與BESS系統 48
4.6 靈敏度分析 52
4.6.1狀況A之靈敏度分析 52
4.6.2狀況B之靈敏度分析 61
第五章 結論 69
參考文獻 71
附錄A、線徑規格 76

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