臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究主要目的在探究手足互動的行為的意涵與轉變歷程。研究主要以質性研究的方式，選擇一個家庭中的一對兄妹，從哥哥兩歲七個月、妹妹八個月大開始進入家庭現場進行觀察，透過為期一年半參與觀察來瞭解其手足互動行為的轉變歷程，並輔以非正式訪談，瞭解家長的觀點和看法。家中除了兩個孩子、孩子的父母之外，並有同住的阿公阿嬤。
本研究以故事的形式呈現出手足互動的歷程之外。第一篇故事：描述的是哥哥浩浩與妹妹小玫間關於物品分享的互動情形，在分享物品的情境中，物品的性質與父母親的介入會影響浩浩的分享行為；第二篇故事：描述的是浩浩跟小玫間競爭父母關注的行為，當父母的關注小玫時，浩浩會模仿小玫的行為或打斷父母與小玫正在進行的互動；第三篇故事：呈現了母親如何有意的營造機會讓兄長學習照顧和友愛妹妹，透過母親的協助，浩浩變得更會主動去照顧小玫；最後一篇故事，描述兄妹間逐漸形成的正反兼具互動關係，而且兩人間也形成一種老大與小跟班的關係。
最後，研究結果依照互動行為的內涵、手足互動的轉變和父母親對手足互動的影響加以討論：首先，本研究發現手足互動的行為包括分享、競爭關注、關懷與照顧、溝通和教導。其次，隨著時間過去，兄妹兩人在互動時，浩浩變得越來越主動，而且小玫也發展出較佳的口語和肢體能力去傳遞出他對哥哥的感受。最後，研究發現父母對手足是有差別待遇的，這對在父母介入手足互動時，會以避免衝突為最高指導原則並積極創造手足正向互動的機會，但是在實際分享情境時，爸媽雖然為了哥哥培養分享的習慣，而給哥哥較多的分享權力，但當浩浩並未對小玫公平分享，以避免衝突為最高原則的父母也不會硬性要求哥哥分享，並將妹妹帶開。父母的這種介入方式，間接也增強了兩人間老大與小跟班的互動關係。

關鍵字：幼兒手足互動、手足關係。

Abstract
This study explored the quality of interaction and transition of relationship between siblings. The researcher observed the brother-sister interactions at home for one and a half year, starting when the brother was 31 months old and the sister was eight months old. In addition to home observation, the researcher interviewed the mother informally to understand her perspective on sibling interactions.
The study results were organized and presented in a story form. The first chapter described how the brother-sister dyad interacted with each other while sharing. When sharing objects, the nature of the objects and parents’ intervention influenced the brother’s behaviors. The second chapter described the brother’s competition for parental attention. When parental attention was on the sister, the brother would imitate the sister’s actions or interrupted the activity between parents and the sister. The third chapter described how the mother provided scaffold for the brother to care his younger sister. The brother became more capable of caring his sister. The last chapter described the positive and negative interactions between the siblings. The dyad’s relationship became more hierarchical, in which the sister was a fellow to her brother.
Moreover, the results were discussed in three aspects. First, sibling interactions were reviewed in terms of sharing, rivalry for parental attention, care, communication, and teaching. Regarding transition, as time went by, the brother became more and more active, and the sister got better verbal and movement skills to express her intentions while interaction. Finally, the findings also revealed differential parental treatment. To avoid conflicts was the major principle for parental intervention. Besides, the mother facilitated the positive interactions for the siblings in every possible way. In order to promote sharing, parents usually gave the firstborn more power to control resources. Even if the brother did not share or share unequally with his younger sister, his parents did not force him to share and redirected the sister’s attention right away. Due to these practices, the sibling relationship was gradually like the chief and the fellow.

Keywords: Sibling interactions, Sibling relationship.

目次
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究問題………………………………………………………………………… 4

第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………………… 5
第一節 手足互動的特質與常見行為…………………………………………………… 5
第二節 影響手足互動的因素…………………………………………………………… 13
第三章 研究方法與資析分析…………………………………………………………… 24
第一節 選擇質化研究的原因…………………………………………………………… 24
第二節 研究歷程………………………………………………………………………… 25
第三節 資料蒐集………………………………………………………………………… 34
第四節 資料登錄與分析………………………………………………………………… 38
第五節 用故事呈現資料………………………………………………………………… 44
第四章 故事……………………………………………………………………………… 46
序曲………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
第一篇 疼妹妹不一定要分給妹妹……………………………………………………… 48
第二篇 希望大家最喜歡的人是我……………………………………………………… 70
第三篇 對妹妹好可不能委屈自己……………………………………………………… 87
第四篇 浩浩老大與他的小跟班………………………………………………………… 110
尾聲………………………………………………………………………………………… 132
第五章 研究結果討論............................................. 133

第一節 手足互動行為的意涵…………………………………………………………… 133
第二節 手足互動的轉變………………………………………………………………… 148
第三節 父母親在手足互動中的影響…………………………………………………… 151

第六章 省思與建議............................................... 157
第一節 省思……………………………………………………………………………… 157
第一節 建議……………………………………………………………………………… 160

參考文獻....................................................... 162

參考文獻

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