臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

木造建築不僅自然宜人、空間氛圍親切舒適,在建築製造的過程中也能產生較低的環境汙染,是一種含有許多優點的建築材料。在台灣,木造建築大多為傳統建築樣式,結構系統主要採傳統柱梁結構,然而木材在生產製造上的有其尺寸極限,導致傳統木建築的跨距受到限制,空間的彈性較不富變化。為了進一步追求木造建築在設計上的可能性,本研究嘗試跳脫傳統木造建築之構造方式,從結構系統切入建築設計,以三度空間之曲面格子梁系統為設計的出發點,進行結構系統之設計,而後再應用於實際建築案例。
本研究首先探討格子梁的結構系統行為,觀察其基本力學性質,接著討論幾個相關案例 並參考其設計之優缺點,發展模矩化的結點單元,結點單元的機制以重複複製之邏輯達到曲 面變形的可能。結點設計上分成兩個部份進行: 1.單一方向變換曲率之穹窿形結點 2.雙軸向變換曲率之雙曲拋物面結點。
穹窿形結點是變換曲率機制的初步嘗試,僅討論單一軸向的變化,使之能成就拱形或是波浪形屋面系統,並以此結點設計落實於實際建築案例「北斗中正堂屋頂系統改建」,並對設計的可行性、力學行為、建築細部逐一檢核。第二部份是發展雙軸向變換曲率的雙曲拋物 面系統,以達到三度空間中之自由曲面,並以「惠來遺址之保護棚架」做為設計的實際案例 應用,同時檢核其力學行為與建築細節。
本研究的操作流程是以 3D 建模軟體 Rhinoceros 5 於電腦模行中模擬機制的可行性,並 利用 SAP 2000 計算結構的合理性,最終以 3D 印表機 Makerbot Replicator 2X 做實體化縮尺 的接頭細部,以進行更精確的討論。然而此過程非一線性操作,在不同階段不斷地提出不同 的解決方案並反覆討論與修正設計,以達到最後之設計成果。

Due to many benefits of woods, timber buildings are comfortable to dwell. More and more architects choose this material for design nowadays.
To pursuit the potential of timbers, this thesis tried to design a wooden construction from structure system called the curved grid system.

The thesis discussed the mechanical behavior of grid system, and then extended to wood curved grid system. It developed modularized joints which contain two parts:
1. Vault Joint (one direction curved)
2. Hyperbolic-Paraboloid Joint (Two direction curved).
The purpose of these two developments is to create three-D freeform wood structure.

In the case of vault joint, it could play the role of a roof structure or any other system shaped with one direction curved. To discuss the feasibility of vault joint, the thesis operated a design case, the assembly hall of Bei-Dou junior high school, and examined the mechanical behavior of it.
In the case of hyperbolic-paraboloid joint, it could be the structure of 3D curved shape like a covering. In this case, it also operated a design case, the roof facility of Huei-Lai relic exhibition, and examined the mechanical behavior.

For the practical development and application, in this thesis, there are several subjects related to the joint construction detail. Laboratory test still needs to be further investigated.

Key words: Timber, Curved Grid System, Freeform.

INTRODUCTION
There are many timber buildings constructed by wood grid system, some of them are 3D curved grid. In those wood curved grid cases, they always need higher technology and lots of customized elements. For the purpose of popularity, it focused on how to make the system more simple and common.

The thesis tried to design wood curved grid system with modularized joints to improve those problems. It developed one-direction curved system with the same members and connections consequently, and developed two-direction curved system focused on how to connect wood members with rotatable mechanism. As the same reason, modularized concept was required.

To investigate the feasibility, the structural analysis calculated the fundamental stress and strain, then designed the dimensions of members by SAP 2000. In the case of vault joint, member’s section was 14x45 centimeters square using bolts to connect each wood member. In the case of hyperbolic-paraboloid joint, member’s section was also 14x45 centimeters square using drift-pins to connect each wood member. Due to the modularized concept, there were only two dimensions of length.

After the design of joints, the thesis operated a reality case application of them.
1. The assembly hall of Bei-Dou junior high school
2. The roof facility of Huei-Lai relic exhibition

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The procedure of the thesis is assisted by the Rhinoceros 5 for 3D modeling, SAP 2000 for structural analysis, and 3D printer for reality modeling.

1.Rhinoceros 5: building a virtual model on the computer is convenience to image the mechanism and find out the problems quickly.
2.SAP 2000: It shows the structural details concluding dimensions, loadings, and the result of structural analysis. They are helpful to revise the design easily.
3.Makerbot Replicator 2X: the machine is lent by Architecture Department of National Cheng Kung University. The reality model is helpful to evaluate the feasibility.

第一章 緒論...........................................1
1-1 研究動機與目的.........................................1
1-2 研究範圍與研究方法...................................2

第二章 木結構格子梁結構系統及結構行為............5
2-1 格子梁結構系統.....................................5
2-2 木結構格子梁構件行為...............................10

第三章 木結構格子梁案例探討...........................14
3-1 Metro Parasol................................14
3-2 Serpentine Gallery 2005......................26

第四章 穹窿木格子梁結點構造開發.........................33
4-1 穹窿木格子梁組成..................................33
4-2 開發基本考量.....................................33
4-3 原型構想及發展....................................35
4-4 結點類型.........................................38

第五章 穹窿木格子梁設計案 - 北斗國中中正堂.........44
5-1 北斗國中中正堂建築概要............................44
5-2 既有屋頂之穹窿木格子梁改建方案 ...................49
5-3 結構分析.........................................57
5-4 構件設計....................................63
5-5 結點設計.................................67
5-6 構造細部...................................71

第六章 雙曲面木格子梁結點構造開發.......................73
6-1 雙曲拋物面木格子梁組成.............................73
6-2 開發基本考量......................................74
6-3 原型構想及發展....................................75

第七章 雙曲拋物面木格子梁設計案 – 惠來遺址展示棚架............87
7-1 惠來遺址及保護展示棚架現況..........................87
7-2 木構雙曲面格子梁保護展示棚架規劃 ..................92
7-3 結構分析......................................103
7-4 構件設計.......................................108
7-5 結點設計..................................112
7-6 構造細部.........................................115

第八章 結論與後續研究...............................119
8-1 結論.............................................119
8-1 後續研究.......................................121

內政部營建署。2011。木構造建築物設計及施工技術規範
內政部營建署。2010。鋼構造建築物鋼結構設計技術規範
蔡如藩。1985。木材力學性質
陳子豪。2010。自由形體表皮製造改進
木結構設計手冊編委會。。木結構設計手冊第三版
Alvaro Siza, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Cecil Balmond-Arup. 2005. Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2005.
Jeong, Ji-seong. 2008. Detail now.