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研究生:姜俐安
論文名稱:後事件訊息對目擊者記憶之影響
論文名稱(外文):The Post-event Information on Eyewitness Memory
指導教授:李執中李執中引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:刑事警察研究所
學門:軍警國防安全學門
學類:警政學類
論文種類:學術論文
畢業學年度:102
語文別:中文
論文頁數:142
中文關鍵詞:目擊者後事件訊息錯誤訊息植入的虛假訊息虛假記憶
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目擊者對於原始犯罪事件的記憶,易受到事後相關訊息的影響而改變。目擊者可能於目擊犯罪事件後,接觸了與犯罪事件相關的訊息來源,如:與其他目擊者談話、新聞媒體報導等,這些訊息皆稱作「後事件訊息」。為探討後事件訊息對目擊者記憶之影響,本實驗採用影片的方式呈現後事件訊息,並測驗目擊者記憶受影響之程度。結果顯示,有觀看後事件訊息影片之受試者,其對原始犯罪事件的記憶,受影響程度顯著大於未觀看後事件訊息之目擊者;研究也發現經由後事件訊息所植入的虛假訊息,顯著地影響目擊者對原始犯罪事件的記憶。故無論是後事件訊息中的錯誤訊息或虛假訊息,皆顯著地影響目擊者之記憶。然在不同來源之後事件訊息變項上,並無顯著差異;犯罪主體與非犯罪主體不同內容之後事件訊息變項上,發現犯罪主體訊息對目擊者記憶正確性的影響程度,顯著小於非犯罪主體訊息的影響;此外,後事件訊息中,與原始犯罪影片內容相同的訊息對目擊者原始目擊事件記憶之影響大於錯假訊息之影響。由本研究結果顯示,目擊者的記憶非常容易受到後事件訊息的影響,而媒體所播報的新聞亦屬於呈現後事件訊息的一種方式,很可能影響到潛在目擊者的記憶而導致錯誤記憶的發生。偵查工作需注意可能的影響,以免誤導偵查方向。
目錄....................................I
圖目錄................................III
表目錄.................................IV
第一章 緒論............................1
第一節 研究動機與目的.................1
第二節 研究問題.......................6
第三節 名詞定義.......................7
第二章 文獻探討........................9
第一節 記憶與遺忘的理論...............9
第二節 影響目擊者記憶的因素..........16
第三節 後事件訊息對於目擊者記憶之影響...28
第四節 目擊者相關研究與實驗派典......35
第五節 小結..........................41
第三章 研究方法.......................43
第一節 研究假設......................43
第二節 研究設計與實驗流程............44
第三節 研究樣本......................52
第四節 研究工具......................52
第五節 研究步驟......................59
第六節 統計方法......................63
第四章 研究結果.......................65
第一節 實驗組與控制組之比較..........65
第二節 不同來源、不同內容與不同正偽之後事件訊息的影響...74
第五章 討論與結論.....................89
第一節 綜合討論......................89
第二節 研究限制與建議................97
第三節 結論.........................102
參考文獻..............................105
附錄一、圖片比較題目範例..............117
附錄二、盲人柔道奧運影片測驗卷........119
附錄三、犯罪事件測驗卷................121
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三、網站索引部分
維基百科。八里雙屍案。http://zh.wikipedia.org
ETtoday東森新聞網站http://www.ettoday.net
ETtoday東森新聞(2013年03月29日)。就是呂炳宏陪謝買金紙!老闆娘再強調沒眼花看錯。http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130329/186154.htm
ETtoday東森新聞(2013年 03月 13日)。八里案/過年陪女店長買往生者紙錢?媽媽嘴老闆難撇清 。http://www.nownews.com/n/2013/03/13/311347
今日新聞網站。 http://www.nownews.com/
奇摩知識家網站。http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com
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