臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

十九世紀末的法國各種流行風靡於西方世界，無論文學、繪畫、音樂等各項藝術學派大鳴大放，不斷演化發展。對於出生於十九、二十世紀交界的拉威爾，從小生活在國際大都會巴黎之中，他的個人特質在學生時期已被建立起來，一直延續到晚年沒有改變，繽紛的多元文化在他的音樂中轉換成各種元素，也在作品中激發出燦爛的火花。
在拉威爾的一生中，他的音樂足跡遍布了歐洲、南北美洲、北非等地。他在音樂界也與許多當代傑出的名字相互交織：普羅高菲夫、荀白克、史特拉汶斯基…等。拉威爾也是繼德布西之後最出色的法國作曲家，兩人被視為印象樂派最具代表性的作曲家。他的音樂事業燦爛而成功，由大學、政府及皇家所給予的獎項與表揚相當多。
為了想傳達對前人的敬意，作曲家會替已過世的偉大作曲家創作，用「墓」來作為標題，以詩或音樂來表達敬意。而在《庫普蘭之墓》的標題下隱含了兩個目的：一方面他要向巴洛克時期的作曲家庫普蘭致敬，以及對整個法國傳統音樂致敬；另一方面，他將組曲中的六首曲子題獻給他在第一次世界大戰中失去性命的朋友們，對他們為法國的犧牲致上敬意。
鋼琴作品《庫普蘭之墓》組曲包含了〈前奏曲〉、〈賦格〉、〈佛拉納舞曲〉、〈黎高冬舞曲〉、〈梅呂哀舞曲〉、〈觸技曲〉等六首曲子，本文以樂曲分析與詮釋探討來進行研究，先從時代的影響談起，再由拉威爾的生平簡介與創作風格來了解其音樂風格，之後進行樂曲分析及詮釋探討，最後作結論。本文可作為詮釋鋼琴作品《庫普蘭之墓》的一個參考，以期在演奏時更能貼近作者創作此曲的原意與樂曲的確切風格。

In the end of nineteenth century, there are lots of trends popular in France, such as literature, painting and music. For Ravel who grew up in cosmopolitan Paris, his personal qualities has been established when he was a student, and it never changed in all his life.
He changed colorful multicultural culture into various elements to compose his music, and it made his works more outstanding. In Ravel's life, his music traveling throughout Europe, North and South America, North Africa and other places.
He also distinguished name with many contemporary intertwined in this field, such as Prokofiev, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky. After Debussy, Ravel was the most outstanding French composer. They are regarded as the most representative composers of Impressionism. He received lots of awards and recognition by universities, government and the Royal due to his brilliant and successful music career.
In order to express respect for great composers who were dead, composers use "tombeau" as a title to compose poetry or music. In the Le tombeau de Couperin Suite , this title hid for two purposes: First, he would like to pay tribute to Couperin, the composer of the Baroque period. Also, he would like to pay tribute to traditional musical of France; Second, for their sacrifice of France, he dedicated six pieces of the suite to his friends who lost their lives in WWI.
Piano Works Le tombeau de Couperin Suite includes "Prelude","Fugue","Forlane", "Rigaudon", "Menuet" and "Toccata" these six pieces. In this paper, we study with analysis and interpretation to explore Ravel. In the beginning, we talk about the impact of the period, and then we discuss his biography and creative style to understand his musical style. Finally, we will get a conclusion by analysis and interpretation of his music.
As a reference, this paper can be used as interpretation of the piano works of Le tombeau de Couperin Suite in order to represent original style of the music when performers play this work.

第一章　緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節　研究動機與目的……………………………………………………………… 1
第二節　研究範圍和方法……………………………………………………………… 2

第二章　有關拉威爾……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
第一節　時代的影響………………………………………………………………………… 3
第二節　生平簡介……………………………………………………………………………… 5
第三節　創作風格……………………………………………………………………………… 11

第三章　《庫普蘭之墓》樂曲分析與詮釋探討…………………………………………… 15
第一節　《庫普蘭之墓》（Le tombeau de Couperin Suite）之概述
……………… 15
第二節　《庫普蘭之墓》樂曲分析與詮釋探討 ………………………………………… 18
第一首　前奏曲（Prelude）…………………………………………………………………………… 18
第二首　賦格曲（Fugue）………………………………………………………………………………… 30
第三首　佛拉納舞曲（Forlane）…………………………………………………………………… 41
第四首　黎高冬舞曲（Rigaudon）………………………………………………………………… 52
第五首　小步舞曲（Menuet）………………………………………………………………………… 60
第六首　觸技曲（Toccata）…………………………………………………………………………… 69

第四章　結論………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79

參考書目 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 82

楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》。台北：美樂出版，2001。
王沛綸。《音樂字典》。台北：全音樂譜，1987。
邵義強。《浪漫樂派樂曲賞析》。台北：錦繡，2000。
邵義強。《鋼琴家手冊》。台北：全音樂譜，2002。
大衛˙伯內特˙詹姆斯（David Burnett James）著。楊敦惠譯。《拉威爾》偉大作曲家群像。台北：智庫文化，1995。
陳郁秀。《拉威爾鋼琴作品之研究》。台北：全音出版社，1982。
朱象泰。《史卡拉第奏鳴曲研究》。台北：大呂出版社，1991。

西文書目
Donald Jay Grout, James Peter Burkholder, Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010.

Donald Jay Grout, James Peter Burkholder, Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010.

Gorden, Stewart. A History of Keyboard Literature. New York: Schirmer, 1996.

Howat, Roy. The Art of French Piano Music: Debussy, Ravel, Fauré, Chabrier. London: Yale University Press, 2009.


Orenstein, Arbie. Ravel: Man and Musician. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.

Orenstein, Arbie. A Ravel Reader: Correspondence, Articles, Interviews. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

Perlemuter, Vlado. Hélène Jourdan- Morhange. Ravel according to Ravel. London: Kahh & Averill, 1990.

Sadie, Stanley. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musician. London: Macmilian, 1980.


網路資訊
國家教育研究院，雙語詞彙、學數名詞暨辭書資訊網。http://terms.naer.edu.tw/
Oxford Music Online-Grove Music Online.

錄音資料
François, Samson. Piano. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0l7rYbDiW4
François, Samson. Piano. L’Œuvre pour piano seul. Catalogue No. 0724356899759. CD.
Perlemuter, Vlado. Piano. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQWY4aBIS58
Perlemuter, Vlado. Piano. Piano works. Nimbus NI7713-14. 1979. CD.
Tharaud, Alexandre. Piano. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q82tFgG8phg
Tharaud, Alexandre. Piano. L’Œuvre pour piano seul. Catalogue No. HMC901811.12. CD.

樂譜
Ravel, Maurice. Le tombeau de Couperin Suite pour piano. Paris: Durand. 1918
Ravel, Maurice. Le tombeau de Couperin for Solo Piano. London. 1995.