臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文將以目前台灣最大的網路新聞時事討論區──PTT Gossiping看板（以下簡稱「八卦板」）為研究對象，分析透過BBS媒介所形成的網路群眾文化，並探究其民主意涵。有別於一般網路公共領域的研究，本文將由「對抗性公共」與「狂歡節」這兩個概念切入，並借鏡俄國文學批評家Bakhtin所提出的「眾聲喧嘩」與「公共廣場」等說法，嘗試論證透過網路媒介所形成、並帶有集體性狂歡節色彩的社會互動空間，如何落實異於Habermas菁英式公共領域的公共生活想像。

就內容而言，本文可粗略區分為兩部分：首先我們將以Gossiping看板為例，從集體性的角度描繪網路群眾文化的樣貌（第二、三章），接著再進一步說明其民主意涵（第四章）。在第二章當中，我們將藉由回顧八卦板的看板歷程，說明本文所討論的八卦板「網路公眾」，在評論新聞、針砭時事的表面下，其實潛藏著某種不同於理性個人交往的社會關係形態；對於這樣的現象，我們可以暫且稱之為「網路起鬨」。在第三章，我們將透過集體亢奮與狂歡節的概念，進一步擴充網路起鬨現象的抽象意義，並嘗試說明：即便到了今天，人們透過網路媒介進行的互動，仍然表現出「非凡、例外」的強烈集體情緒；這樣的集體性，既不同於公共領域理性論辯的互動方式，亦無法簡單斥之為「非理性」的劣質文化。以此種互動關係樣態為背景，在第四章我們將著重討論帶有狂歡節特質的網路群眾文化，如何透過語言的運用，體現Bakhtin強調多元觀點的「眾聲喧嘩」概念；此種狂歡節語言，能夠跳脫代表語言中心化力量的Habermas公共領域設想，從而落實「公共廣場」概念所描繪的、強調對話而不強加共識的公共生活。最後在第五章結論當中，本文除了對全文進行簡要總結之外，並討論了「社會關係／mob-ility」、「遊戲」以及「日常生活」等等概念，嘗試為網路文化的進一步研究，提供可能的參考方向。

Taking Taiwan’s largest internet news forum “PTT Gossiping” as research object, this thesis analyses the culture of internet crowds formed through the medium of BBS (Bulletin Board System), and explores its democratic implications. Different from existing researches of “internet public sphere”, this thesis set out its arguments by resorting to concepts of “counterpublics” and “carnival”, and concludes with the notions of “heteroglossia” and “public square”, both proposed by Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin, to demonstrate how a collectively carnivalistic social space of interaction, formed by internet, can provide us with an alternative imagination of public life that is different from Habermasian (elite) public sphere.

This thesis consists of two parts: firstly, it analyses the culture of internet crowds from the sociological perspective of collectivity, taking PTT Gossiping as example (Ch. 2 & Ch. 3); secondly, it elaborates the democratic implications of this culture (Ch. 4). In Ch. 2, we review the historical development of PTT Gossiping, in order to demonstrate that the “internet public” constituting this news forum shows a non-personal as well as non-rational mode of social interaction, which we can provisionally describe as “internet mobbing”. In Ch. 3, we elaborate the sociological meaning of internet mobbing, by resorting to concepts such as “collective effervescence” and “carnival”, arguing that the “extraordinary, exceptional” feature of strong collective emotions can still be observed nowadays in internet interactions. This collectivity is neither similar to rational, reasoning mode of interaction proposed by the idea of “public sphere”, nor can it be denounced simply as “irrational” or bad culture. Based on this kind of social interaction, in Ch. 4 we explore how the using of carnivalistic language by internet crowds can embody Bakhtinian heteroglossia. By emphasizing the value of multiple perspectives, the carnivalistic language use of internet crowds breaks away from Habermasian public sphere, and helps to bring about a public life depicted by Bakhtinian “public square”, encouraging dialogue rather than forcing consensus. Finally, in Ch. 5 we sum up the thesis, and discuss ideas such as “social relationship / mob-ility”, “game”, and “everyday life”, which can serve as possible directions for further studies on internet culture.

第一章 前言 1
一、經驗現象與提問 1
二、文獻探討 4
三、研究議題 7
　1. 對抗性公共與主流公共領域 7
　2. 網路媒介與節慶式的狂歡節 11
　3. 小結：研究議題整理 15
四、章節安排 15

第二章 由PTT八卦板看網路公眾的性質 17
一、何謂「公眾」 17
二、八卦板的發展歷程 19
　 1. 早期八卦板：自律的資訊分享平台 19
　2. 八卦板的轉型：內部自律與群眾力量的消長 21
三、黑特與八卦 24
四、Mob-ility與網路起鬨 29
五、小結 30

第三章 由驚奇看網路起鬨：集體亢奮與狂歡節 32
一、起鬨與驚奇 32
二、集體亢奮與網路起鬨 37
　 1. Durkheim的集體亢奮概念 37
　2. 網路互動與在場互動 39
　3. BBS與虛擬的集體亢奮 41
三、狂歡節與網路起鬨 46
　1. Bakhtin的狂歡節概念 47
　2. 狂歡式的笑與網路起鬨 48
四、小結 53

第四章 狂歡節語言：眾聲喧嘩與公共廣場 54
一、狂歡節語言 54
　 1. 民主化：「由下而上」的語言過程 55
　2. 意義的解構和再建構：狂歡化與反串 59
　3. 特定政治意圖的語言形式 63
　4. 小結 67
二、眾聲喧嘩與公共廣場 68
　1. 眾聲喧嘩 68
　2. 公共廣場 72
三、小結 74

第五章 結論 75
一、研究總結 75
二、研究展望 76
　1. 透過網路媒介的社會關係：mob-ility 77
　2. 遊戲 77
　3. 日常生活 79

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