臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的在探討艾氏樹蛙(Chirixalus eiffingeri)於生殖資源(竹筒)呈現特異且變動的條件下，可能採取的生殖策略。我提出三個預測：(1)艾氏樹蛙的生殖活動與竹筒中水資源的變動有關；(2)產卵地點的選擇與竹筒的特性有關；(3)蝌蚪的存在會影響艾氏樹蛙對竹筒的重覆利用。本實驗以約1200平方公尺的竹林為實驗樣區，測量每一竹筒的外部形態，並從2004年2月到2005年3月間，每週進行一次夜晚調查，記錄青蛙的性別、行為與出現位置，測量吻肛長與體重，最後再給予剪趾標記，並每週監測竹筒的水位高度、新產窩卵數以及竹筒內的蝌蚪數量。調查結果發現，竹筒水資源特性會隨著環境因子變化，而雨量造成有水竹筒數量的增加與艾氏樹蛙的生殖活動呈現顯著正相關，並且青蛙會偏好利用竹林中積水較多的竹筒來進行生殖。在生殖季中、後期，艾氏樹蛙在竹筒保水能力與蝌蚪競爭的權衡下，會利用蝌蚪數量較少的竹筒來進行重覆產卵；我也發現艾氏樹蛙不會在同一竹筒連續進行生殖產卵的行為。綜合以上的結果，我推測因為竹筒是屬於小水體環境，水量的變動很大，為避免蝌蚪因乾涸而死亡，所以艾氏樹蛙會偏好使用積水較多的竹筒；而重覆產卵的發生也意謂著竹筒積水的多寡是比蝌蚪競爭來得重要。此外，艾氏樹蛙也可能會利用蝌蚪的存在做為竹筒品質的指標，並藉由選擇利用蝌蚪數少的竹筒，以減少蝌蚪間的競爭程度。

I studied the oviposition site selection and reproductive strategy of Chirixalus eiffingeri in an unpredictable environment. I predicated that: 1) reproductive activity of C. eiffingeri vary with water resource availability, 2) oviposition sites correlate with stump quality, and 3) the presence of tadpoles affect the reuse of stumps. I selected a 1200 m2 bamboo forest as my study site and surveyed once each week from February 2004 to March 2005. For each frog captured within the study area, I recorded sex, snout-vent length, body mass, behavior, and capture location. I also recorded the condition of each bamboo stump (i.e. presence of egg clutches and tadpoles) and measured water depth weekly. Result showed that there were significantly relationships between the number of stumps with standing water and numbers of frogs and egg clutches. Furthermore, frogs particularly preferred stumps with taller trunks, deeper cups with deeper water depth, suggesting the water-holding capacity of stumps are critical to frog breeding. Under the tradeoff between water-holding capacity and competition among tadpoles, I found that frogs in the middle and latter part of breeding season reused stumps occupied by fewer tadpoles and males didn’t use the same stump for the next reproductive event. I contend that because water volume in stumps varied temporally, C. eiffingeri could protect offspring from desiccation by choosing stumps with greater water-holding capacity. Frogs might also use conspecifics (i.e. presence of tadpoles) as a cue to indicate stump quality. By choosing to breed in stumps with fewer tadpoles, frogs may reduce competition between resident tadpoles and their own offspring.

誌謝
中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
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前言
文獻探討
材料與方法
結果
討論
總結
參考文獻
表
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