臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

青春痘與頭皮屑主要是由痤瘡桿菌與皮屑芽孢菌造成，這兩種菌都與人體共存，一旦人體皮脂分泌過多，其大量增生，會釋放化學趨化物質引起發炎反應。本研究因此藉由對中國肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)與錫蘭肉桂(Cinnamomum verum)精油進行成分分析，並測定其抗發炎及抗痤瘡桿菌及皮屑芽孢菌能力，來評估這兩種精油能否應用在改善青春痘以及頭皮屑所造成的病症上。
結果顯示，中國肉桂精油主成分為Cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid（57.01%）、cinnamaldehyde（28.13%），全成分中以羧酸類及醛類最多；錫蘭肉桂精油主成分為eugenol（63.21%）、isoeugenol（5.11%）、β-caryophyllene（4.86%），全成分中以酚類與萜烯類最多。
抗菌活性以抗生素四環素作為實驗對照組，比較精油與四環素對 P.acnes之最小抑菌濃度（MIC90），以中國肉桂精油優於錫蘭肉桂精油；比較精油與四環素對P.ovale之MIC90，以錫蘭肉桂精油優於中國肉桂精油；在抗P.acnes與P.ovale兩種肉桂精油的效果皆優於四環素。
抗發炎能力評估，錫蘭肉桂精油對NO自由基清除力優於中國肉桂精油；而在5-LOX抑制效果上，則是中國肉桂優於錫蘭肉桂精油。在抑制THP-1細胞分泌促炎細胞激素，針對P.acnes菌體刺激產生TNF-α，錫蘭肉桂抑制能力優於中國肉桂，尤其錫蘭肉桂表現更優於α-Bisobolol；抑制IL-1β產生，呈現相反現象，為中國肉桂抑制能力優於錫蘭肉桂。針對P.ovale菌體刺激產生TNF-α，錫蘭肉桂抑制能力優於中國肉桂；在抑制IL-1β產生，兩種精油呈現相似結果。

Acne vulgaris and dandruff are mainly caused by the Propionibacterium acnes and Pityrosporum ovale .Two kinds of microorganisms are part of the skin flora. Once the excessive secretion of sebum, both microbial a will proliferated, and release chemotactic substances, causing inflammation.
The study, analysed the chemical compositions of essential oils of Cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon, and determined its anti-inflammatory and anti-P.acnes, anti-P.ovale abilities to assess the potentials of these two essential oils in improving acne vulgaris and dandruff.
The results showed that the main compositions of Cinnamon essential oil are Cis-2-methoxycinnamic acis（57.01%）, cinnamaldehyde（28.13%）.There are high proportional acids and aldehydes in Cinnamon essential oil. The main compositions of Ceylon cinnamon essential oil are eugenol（63.21%）, isoeugenol（5.11%）and β-caryophyllene（4.86%）.There are high proportional phenols and terpenes in Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil.
In the anti-microbial evaluation, Cinnamon essential oil showed better anti-P.acnes ability than the Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil. Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil revealed better anti-P.ovale ablity than the Cinnamon essential oil. In addition, both Ceylon Cinnamon and Cinnamon essential oils had better anti-microbial abilities than tetracycline.
To assess anti-inflammatory activities, Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil showed better NO redical scavenging than Cinnamon essential oil; Cinnamon essential oil had better 5-LOX inhibition than Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil.
In the inhibiting secretions of TNF-α and IL-1β from THP-1 cell line irritated by P.acnes and P.ovale , Ceylon Cinnamon essential oil revealed better inhibition rates of TNF-α and IL-1β than Cinnamon essential oil.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 1
圖目錄 4
表目錄 6
縮寫表 7
第一章、 前言 8
第二章、 文獻回顧 11
2-1　精油簡介 11
2-1-1　精油的來源 11
2-1-2　植物內精油的分佈 12
2-1-3　植物精油的化學組成 13
2-1-4　影響精油組成及成分含量的因素 16
2-1-5　精油萃取方法 17
2-1-6　精油成分之抗菌活性及原理 18
2-1-7　精油之抗發炎活性 20
2-1-8　精油之應用 21
2-2　實驗精油植物與標準品簡介 23
2-2-1　中國肉桂Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) 23
2-2-2　錫蘭肉桂Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) 25
2-2-3 順-2-甲氧基肉桂酸(Cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid) 27
2-2-4 肉桂醛(Cinnamaldehyde) 28
2-2-5 丁香酚(Eugenol) 29
2-2-6 異丁香酚(Isoeugenol) 30
2-2-7 β-石竹烯(β-caryophyllene) 31
2-3　實驗菌種與細胞株介紹 32
2-3-1　痤瘡桿菌（Propionibacterium acnes） 32
2-3-2　皮屑芽孢菌（Pityrosporum ovale） 33
2-3-2　人類單核球細胞株（THP-1 cell line） 34
第三章、 材料與設備 36
3-1　實驗材料 36
3-1-1　實驗精油來源 36
3-2　實驗藥品 36
3-2-1 細菌培養基 36
3-2-2 細胞培養 37
3-2-3 藥品 37
3-2-4 標準品 38
3-3　菌種與細胞株 38
3-4　儀器設備 38
第四章、 實驗方法 40
4-1　細菌培養基配製與保存 40
4-1-1 液態及固態培養基配製 40
4-1-2 菌株活化與保存 40
4-2　THP-1細胞之培養與保存 41
4-2-1 THP-1細胞培養液 41
4-2-2 THP-1細胞之培養 42
4-2-3 細胞冷凍保存 42
4-3　細胞使用藥品及刺激物配製 42
4-4 精油成分分析 44
4-5 抗菌活性試驗 44
4-6 抗發炎活性試驗 45
4-6-1 Nitric oxide（NO）自由基清除能力測定 45
4-6-2 5-脂氧合酶（5-lipoxygenase；5-LOX）抑制能力 46
4-6-3 細胞存活率測定（MTT assay） 48
4-6-4 THP-1細胞分泌TNF-α及IL-1β測試 48
4-7 統計分析 49
第五章、結果與討論 50
5-1 精油成分分析 50
5-2 精油抑菌活性 68
5-2-1 對痤瘡桿菌（Propionibacterium acnes）之抑菌分析 68
5-2-2 對皮屑芽孢菌（Pityrosporum ovale）之抑菌分析 71
5-3 精油抗發炎活性測定 76
5-3-1 Nitric oxide（NO）自由基清除能力測定 76
5-3-2 5-脂氧合酶（5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX）抑制能力測定 80
5-3-3 THP-1細胞存活率（MTT） 87
5-3-4 TNF-α與IL-1β之標準品檢量線 88
5-3-5 精油及其主成分對THP-1分泌TNF-α與IL-1β之影響 89
5-3-6 以P.acnes菌體誘導THP-1分泌TNF-α與IL-1β之影響 92
5-3-7 以P. ovale菌體誘導THP-1分泌TNF-α與IL-1β之影響 97
第六章、結論 102
第七章、參考文獻 104
附錄一、中國肉桂與錫蘭肉桂成分含量與質量比 114

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