臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以模擬及實驗兩個部份來探討單塊及組合式氣體靜壓軸承之性能研究。模擬部份使用商業套裝軟體Comsol來探討五種不同溝槽設計之氣體靜壓軸承及節流器出口處無導圓角和具導圓角之氣體靜壓軸承的流場特性，模擬出來的結果不失為瞭解及解釋氣體靜壓軸承實際操作所發生之物理現象。實驗部份則分為三部份：1.探討不同溝槽設計的氣體靜壓軸承之性能。2.探討在不同負重及負重位置偏移時組合式氣體靜壓軸承的承載能力及傾斜情況和更換較大面積的氣體靜壓軸承時傾斜情況的改善。3.探討氣體靜壓軸承的氣室大小及氣室內節流器出口處無導圓角及具導圓角的壓力變化和改善氣鎚現象(Pneumatic hammer)的發生。
初步獲得下列結果：單塊氣體靜壓軸承具X形加箭形和X形加雙矩形溝槽性能較佳。組合式氣體靜壓軸承負重大小不同時可由氣體靜壓軸承面積大小來改善運轉傾斜情況，氣室越大越容易發生氣鎚現象，氣室內部渦流的大小也會影響氣室壓力大小進而影響氣鎚現象，節流器出口具導圓角設計可以降低氣鎚現象的產生，本論文實驗中所得知的結果可提供工業界設計氣體靜壓軸承之參考依據。
關鍵字：氣體靜壓軸承、節流器、氣室、氣鎚現象(Pneumatic hammer)

Abstract
This thesis investigate the single and combination of the air bearing performance by simulafion and experimental method .Commercial package Comsol is used to simulate five different groove design for air bearing and restrictor hole with or without round guide corner for the flowfield characteristics .The results for simulation is helpful for physical phenomenon explaination .Three component is considered for the experiments .1.Investigate the different groove design air bearing performance .2.Study the different load at different position for the combination of the air bearing concerning to tiling improvement about change larger area of the air bearing .3.Investigate the transient pressnre distribution at the air chamber and the method to reduce pneumatic hammer with or without the round guide conner for exit of the restrictor hole .
The following results are found : The X-shape with arrow shape and X-shape with two rectangular have well perfmormance about the single air bearing .The tilting improvement is effective for diffecent larger area of the combination air bearing .Pneumatic hammer is easy to occur at larger air chamber . The vortex flow fied is sensible for pressure distribution .The round guide hole at the exit of the restrixtor can reduce the pneumatic hammer .The results of this thesis can offer the design for air bearing of the industry .
Keywords : Air Bearing , Restrictor , Air Chamber , Pneumatic Hammer

目錄
誌謝.............................................. I
中文摘要........................................... II
英文摘要........................................... III
目錄.............................................. IV
表目錄............................................ VII
圖目錄............................................ VIII
符號說明........................................... XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機............................. 1
1.2 文獻探討.................................. 4
1.3 研究內容概述............................... 8
第二章 氣體軸承介紹 11
2.1 氣體軸承分類………………………………………… 11
2.2 氣體軸承特色………………………………………… 14
2.2.1氣體軸承的優點與應用……………………….. 14
2.2.2 氣體軸承的缺點………………………………. 16
2.3 氣體軸承的不穩定現象及穩定法…………………… 17
2.3.1 氣鎚現象………………………………………. 17
2.3.2 同步振動………………………………………. 18
2.3.3 晃轉不安定現象……………………………… 18
2.4 氣體靜壓軸承原理………………………………….... 19
2.5 節流器種類介紹……………………………………… 20
2.6 氣體軸承材料的選擇………………………………… 24
第三章 理論分析 27
3.1 三維流場解析…………………………………………. 27
3.2 紊流模式………………………………………………. 31
3.3 系統之統御方程式……………………………………. 35
3.4 邊界條件…………………………………………….… 37
第四章 實驗設備及建構 39
4.1 實驗設備……………………………………………… 39
4.2 實驗建構…………………………………………….... 50
4.2.1 單塊氣體靜壓軸承…………………………… 51
4.2.2 組合式氣體靜壓軸承………………………….. 56
4.2.3 氣室壓力量測………………………………….. 61
第五章 CFD數值模擬軟體介紹及模型建立 65
5.1 Comsol軟體介紹……………………………………… 66
5.1.1模組介紹……………………………………….. 66
5.2 軟體操作及模型建立………………………………… 68
第六章 結果與討論 73
6.1 二維流場模擬…………………………………………. 74
6.2 三維流場模擬…………………………………………. 85
6.3 單塊氣體靜壓軸承實驗結果…………………………. 93
6.4 組合式氣體靜壓軸承負重位置在中心點……………. 96
6.5 組合式氣體靜壓軸承負重位置在三分之一位置……. 98
6.6 組合式氣體靜壓軸承負重位置在四分之一位置……. 103
6.7 改變氣室大小壓力量測………………………………. 108
6.7.1 氣室ψ4壓力量測…………………………….. 108
6.7.2 氣室ψ6壓力量測…………………………….. 112
6.8 氣室節流器出口無導圓角及具導圓角二維流場模擬 117
6.9 氣室節流器出口無導圓角及具導圓角壓力量測……. 120
6.9.1 節流器出口無導圓角氣室壓力量測………….. 120
6.9.2 節流器出口具導圓角氣室壓力量測………….. 127
第七章 結論與建議 132
參考文獻 134
發表研討會論文 143

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