臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了降低耐火材成本與延長高爐鐵水主流道(blast furnace trough)壽命是目前先代鋼鐵廠所追求目標之一。鐵水主流道侵蝕防治為關鍵，而主流道內鐵水流動行為對於侵蝕程度扮演重要因素。

本文先依據中鋼提供流道機構與操作數據，以計算流體力學(computational fluid dynamics)為架構求解並探討層流、k-ω模式之差異性，以固化模式描述鐵水於主流道之流動行為並且驗證現場數據。

出鐵過程的操作條件包含爐渣體積分率、出鐵仰角、流道機構。當爐渣體積分率從0.2增加至0.3或0.4時，壁面剪應力變化分別增加36.47%與55.42%。在整個出鐵過程，要有效分離鐵水與爐渣且減少鐵水流失，結果顯示鐵水與爐渣之間界面的速度與爐渣黏度扮演重要角色。不同的出鐵仰角從8度至12度會產生衝擊角度與距離均向前位移13%並且在衝擊區的壁面需多承受23.9%磨損。增加鐵水主流道的衝擊區寬度有利於減緩壁面剪應力約15%，同時也降低耐火材使用率。

In order to reduce the coat of refractory and prolong the campaign life of the blast furnace trough has been pursued all the time for iron making. It is well know that is critical to prevent the erosion of the main iron runner. The behavior of hot metal flow in the trough has been considered that the key factor for determining the erosion of refractory in the trough.
Based on BF 4 of China Steel Co., Taiwan, providing the geometrical design of main iron trough and operation condition was solved by computational fluid dynamics, discussing about the difference of the laminar flow、k-omega model and solidification model for the action of hot metal flow in the trough and verify that the data of the repair record from the trough.
The operation condition during the tapping process includes slag volume fraction, taphole angle, geometrical design of main trough. When the slag volume fraction rises from 0.2 to 0.3 or 0.4, shear stress at the side of the wall increases of 36.47% and 55.42% respectively. Metal-slag separation efficient base on the density difference，the results that the flow velocity at the interface between hot metal and slag, and slag viscosity are the predominant factor. The change of taphole angle from the 8 degree to 12 degree can lead to the displacement of the impingement point of the taphole stream and bubble resurfacing point about 13%, and the side of the wall must bear the erosion of 23.9% at the impingement region in the trough. Increasing the impingement region in the trough is help to lower the shear stress at the wall about 15%, reducing the usage rate of refractory simultaneously.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
符號說明 iv
目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2鐵水主流道簡介 2
1-3鐵水主流道相關文獻 4
1-4研究動機與方法 11
1-5論文架構 12
第二章 理論基礎 13
2-1 前言 13
2-2 守恒方程式 14
2-2-1壁函數(wall function) 20
2-2-2壁邊界條件(wall boundary condition) 21
2-3 源項物理意義與其描述之現象 23
第三章 數值方法 26
3-1 數值方法簡介 26
3-2 有限體積法 29
3-2-1鬆弛因子 33
3-3離散方程式的求解 34
3-4 壓力修正法 36
3-5 Fluent求解器介紹 37
3-6 數值暫態求解法 38
第四章 高爐主流道暫態流動模擬與壁面剪應力分析 40
4-1 研究目的 40
4-2 物理系統 41
4-3 數學模式 44
4-3-1 守恆方程式 44
4-3-2 邊界條件與起始條件設定 46
4-4 數值方法 47
第五章 結果與討論 48
5-1主流場的流線形貌 49
5-2暫態流場分析 52
5-3不同爐渣厚度的壁面剪應力分析及分離效果 63
5-5 不同幾何結構 70
第六章 結論 73
6-1 結論 73
6-2 未來展望 74
參考文獻 75
附錄A網格敏感度測試 79

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