臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文將使用ATP-EMTP作為分析工具，針對電壓等級為345 kV之麥寮發電廠一號特高壓(EHV)站作開關突波(switching surge)及雷擊突波(lightning surge)的過電壓分析。其目的在於評估此345 kV系統設備的絕緣強度是否足夠承受雷擊突波過電壓和開關突波過電壓之威脅。並依據ANSI/IEEE Std C62.22之建議以及模擬分析之結果，評估GIS (gas insulation switchgear substation)之開關設備與變壓器設備是否有足夠之保護裕度(protection margin)，並且提出雷擊突波分析與開關突波分析之模擬方法與選用模型的建議。其中模擬雷擊突波所建立之模型，包含傳輸線路模型、鐵塔模型、雷電流模型、弧角閃絡模型(archorn flashover model)以及變電所模型；而模擬開關突波所建立之模型，則包含傳輸線模型、時間控制開關模型、統計開關模型以及變壓器模型。

研究分析之結果得知，當模擬雷擊突波過電壓時，若採用”Ramp ”為雷電流波形，以及Multistory Tower Model作為雷擊分析之鐵塔模型，其分析結果將較為嚴謹。另外，由開關加壓操作之模擬分析結果得知，使用統計開關模型作為開關加壓模擬，且在統計開關模型之模擬次數為100次以上的條件下，所模擬之結果較使用時間控制開關模型為準確。而作開關復閉過電壓分析時，若使用Bergeron Model為傳輸線模型，則能呈現較為合理的殘留電壓(residual voltage)衰減現象，如此模擬求得之復閉過電壓(reclosing overvoltage)與實際大小較相近。

本研究結果，可判定雷擊突波過電壓和開關復閉操作以及嘉民端開關加壓(energization)操作所產生之開關突波過電壓，並不會對麥寮GIS以及其主變壓器造成衝擊和傷害。不過當麥寮端之開關與嘉民變電所作並聯時，斷路器兩端之電壓相角若有差異，則會造成過電流侵入至麥寮主變壓器。

This thesis will be utilizing ATP-EMTP as analytic tool, performing overvoltage analysis, regarding 345kV voltage grade level of the Mai-Liao Power Plant; especially its EHV No. 1 Station, concerning switching surge and lightening surge. The overall purpose is to evaluate whether the insulation strength of the 345kV system, is strong enough to withstand overvoltage threats of lightening surge and switching surge. Based on suggestions of ANSI/IEEE Std. C62.22 and outcomes of analysis of this research, relevant assessment will be made in regards to whether or not, the circuit breaker and transformer installations of the GIS system, possess sufficient protection margin; further alternation suggestions will also be made concerning the simulation methodologies and respective models to be applied, for lightening surge and switching surge. Various models for lightening surge simulation include: transmission line model, tower model, lightening current source model, archorn flashover model and substation model. Various models for switching surge simulation include: transmission line model, time-controlled switching model, statistic switching model and transformer model.

Deriving from analytical results, one is made aware of the fact that, when conducting lightening surge overvoltage simulation, if one employs “Ramp 1/70μs” as lightening current waveform, as well as Multistory Tower Model as the tower model of lightening analysis, one can obtain much more rigorous outcomes. Furthermore, deriving from analytical results of energizing surge simulation, by using statistic switching model, provided that the simulation trials is over 100 times, the final results obtained are more accurate, when compared to using time controlled switching model. Whereas when conducting analysis for reclosing overvoltage simulation, if one applies the Bergeron Model as transmission line model, then a more reasonable decay phenomenon of residual voltage can be presented, which is much more realistic in relation to the actual reclosing overvoltage.

The final outcome of this research study clearly shows that, the lightening surge overvoltage and the switching surge overvoltage derived from such operations of reclosing, as well as Jia-Min substation’s energizing, will not bear direct impact or damage, neither to the GIS system nor to the primary transformers at the Mai-Liao Power Plant. Nevertheless, when the Mai-Liao Power Plant and the Jia-Min substation are in shunt liaison, if the voltage phase angles at the 2 extremes of the circuit breaker are non-synchronous, then this will lead to an overcurrent invasion of the primary transformers at the Mai-Liao Power Plant.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... i
CHINESE ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………… iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………. v
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………viii
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………….xiii
CHAPTER
I Introduction
1.1 The Research Background and Purpose…………………………...1
1.2 Related Research Profile………………………….......................... 3
1.3 Summary of the Research…………………………........................ 8
1.4 Summary of Chapters and Sections…………………………........13
II The Introduction of System Overvoltage
2.1 Preface…………………………......................................................15
2.2 Lightning Surge…………………………........................................19
2.3 Switching Surge………………………….......................................20
2.4 Surge Transfer…………………………..........................................24
III The Introduction of Metal Oxide Arrester and Equipment Protection Margin
3.1 Structure of Arrester…………………………................................29
3.2 Introduction of Metal-Oxide Arrester…………………………......29
3.3 Selection of Metal-Oxide Arrester…………………………...........32
3.4 Estimation of the Protection Margin…………………………........44
IV Establishment of models and analytical methodologies
4.1 ATP-EMTP Introduction…………………………..........................47
4.2 Simulation Time Setting…………………………..........................50
4.3 The Arrester Model…………………………..................................51
4.4 Lightning Surge Analysis Model………………………….............52
4.4-1 Tower Model …………………………................................53
4.4-2 Archorn Flashover model………………………….............66
4.4-3 Transmission Line Model………………………….............67
4.4-4 Lightning Current Model…………………………..............71
4.4-5 The Substation Model…………………………...................75
4.5 Switching Surge Analysis Model………………………….............79
4.5-1 Switching Model and Statistical Switching Model………...79
4.5-2 Asynchronous-closing Effect…………………………........84
4.5-3 Transformer Model………………………….......................88
V Analysis Cases and Result Comparison
5.1 Lightning Surge Analysis Cases…………………………..............92
5.2 Energizing Surge Analysis Cases…………………………............109
5.3 Reclosing Surge Analysis Cases………………………….............120
VI Conclusion and Future Studies
6.1 Discussion…………………………...............................................127
6.2 Future Studies………………………….........................................130
APPENDIXES
Appendix (1) …………………………................................................................131
Appendix (2) …………………………................................................................137
Appendix (3) …………………………................................................................139
Appendix (4) …………………………................................................................140
REFERENCES………………………….......................................................................148

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