臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

約翰‧杜克（John Duke, 1899-1984）、理‧霍伊比（Lee Hoiby, 1926-2011）、多明尼克‧阿爾簡多（Dominick Argento, 1927-）、理查‧杭德利（Richard Hundley, 1931-），以及約翰‧馬斯托（John Musto, 1954-）皆為美國當代重要的作曲家，每位作曲家的創作手法與譜曲技巧皆各有特色。筆者分別選了四首康明思（e. e. cummings, 1894-1962）詩作，皆來自不同的詩集，包括〈在恰恰春天〉、〈瑪姬、蜜莉、茉莉與梅〉、〈當花兒的小臉蛋從大地冒出〉、〈誰知道月亮也許是顆汽球〉等，每一首詩均有兩位作曲家的譜曲創作。
本研究首先針對詩人康明思之生平及寫作特色，以及五位代表作曲家的生平作扼要的介紹，接著將論文的主要論述著重於八首美國藝術歌曲之研究與比較。本文將以詩詞為出發點，探討詩詞跟音樂的關係，藉由同樣選自康明思詩作的美國藝術歌曲，研究與比較作曲家之間的音樂語言。希望從研究的過程中，對樂曲有更深入的理解與認識，並提供演唱者詮釋的相關資訊。

John Duke (1899-1984), Lee Hoiby (1926-2011), Dominick Argento (1927-), Richard Hundley (1931-) and John Musto (1954-) are America’s most distinguished contemporary composers, who have varied text-setting techniques. I choose four e. e. cummings’ poems which come from different collections, including “in Just-”, “maggie and milly and molly and may”, “when faces called flowers float out of the ground”, “who knows if the moon’s”. Each poem was used by two composers as their song texts.
The study begins with a brief introduction to the biography and writing characteristics of cummings and the above five composers, followed by an in-depth study and analysis of eight American art songs. Based on the poems, the study also examines the relationships between the poetry and the music by the different composers. Hopefully, this study can provide suggestions for interpretation of the songs, as well as enable further understanding of American art songs.

謝辭.............................................ix
音樂會中英文曲目表...............................x
中文摘要.........................................xii
英文摘要.........................................xiii
目錄.............................................xiv
表目錄...........................................xvi
譜目錄...........................................xvii
第一章 緒論...................................1
第一節 研究動機與目的...............1
第二節 研究範圍與方法...............1
第三節 相關文獻.....................2
第二章 詩人康明思之生平及寫作特色.............4
第一節 康明思生平...................4
第二節 詩作風格與技巧...............9
第三節 四首詩作的寫作風格及技巧分析.18
第三章 五位代表作曲家之生平簡介...............35
第一節 約翰‧杜克...................35
第二節 理‧霍伊比...................37
第三節 多明尼克‧阿爾簡多...........40
第四節 理查‧杭德利.................42
第五節 約翰‧馬斯托.................44
第四章 八首美國藝術歌曲之研究與比較...........47
第一節 〈在恰恰春天〉...............47
-〈在恰恰春天〉(Just-Spring)─ 杜克
-〈在恰恰春天〉(in Just-spring)─阿爾簡多
第二節 〈瑪姬、蜜莉、茉莉與梅〉.....57
-〈海岸女孩〉(Seashore Girls)─杭德利
-〈瑪姬、蜜莉、茉莉與梅〉─馬斯托
(maggie and milly and molly and may)
第三節 〈當花兒的小臉蛋從大地冒出〉..71
-〈群山起舞〉(The Mountains are Dancing)─杜克
-〈當花兒的小臉蛋從大地冒出〉─阿爾簡多
(when faces called flowers float out of the ground)
第四節 〈誰知道月亮也許是顆汽球〉....80
-〈永恆的春天〉(always it’s Spring)─霍伊比
-〈誰知道月亮也許是顆汽球〉─阿爾簡多
(who knows if the moon’s a balloon)
第五章 結論與建議..............................89
參考文獻..........................................92

中文書目
余光中編譯。《英美現代詩選》。台北市：水牛，1997。
李達三、談德義編譯。《康明思的詩》。台北市：學生英文雜誌社，1978。
高惠宗。《二十世紀音樂的理論與分析》。台北市：小雅音樂有限公司，1998。
陳黎、張芬齡。《詩樂園：現代詩110首賞析》。台南市：南一，2007。
孫翠蘭。〈論美國當代作曲家約翰‧杜克選自康明思詩作之藝術歌曲研究〉。國立台北教育大學音樂學系碩士論文，2009。
郭英杰、趙青。〈傳統與現代的集大成者─E‧E‧卡明斯的詩歌探析〉。《陝西教育學院學報》26(2010)：68-72。
陳曉鈴。〈卡明斯詩歌的變異〉。《龍岩師專學報》23(2005)：68-76。
陳雅婷。〈多明尼克‧阿爾堅多《春之歌》研究〉。國立中山大學音樂研究所碩士論文，2009。
粘淑婉。〈李霍比閃耀的天地─五首艾蜜莉‧荻金生的詩之作品研究〉。國立台灣師範大學音樂學系碩士論文，2008。
許瑞珍。〈論「變」為康明斯詩作中之主題及技巧：從詩人以i代I司第一人稱主格敘詩者談起〉。國立中正大學外國語文研究所碩士論文，1998。
傅錚。〈卡明斯“in Just-”中的視聽效果〉。《昭通師範高等專科學校學報》32(2010)：27-30。
趙順良。〈視覺詩的美學：以文藝復興的圖象詩及康明思的視覺詩為例〉。國立政治大學英國語文學系碩士論文，1996。
劉柏廷。〈自然、意象、美國現代神祕學：艾哲拉‧龐德與伊‧伊‧康明思視覺詩中之姿態力量〉。國立東華大學創作與英語文學研究所碩士論文，2009。
裘尚芬。《詩與樂的聯響》。台北市：東和音樂，1999。

西文書目
Bade, Lori Ellefson. “Lee Hoiby: The Composer and His Compositional Style, His Role in the History of American Music, and His Song Output.” D.M.A. diss., The University of Texas at Austin, 1994.
Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology of American Literature between the Wars 1914-1945. NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007.
Brown, Terrance DeAce. “Lee Hoiby’s I Have a Dream.” DMA diss., Louisiana State University, 2011.
Cummings, Edward Estlin. Is 5. NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1958.
Cummings, Edward Estlin. 95 poems. Edited by George James Firmage. NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2002.
Cummings, Edward Estlin. 1x1 (one times one). Edited by George James Firmage. NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2002.
DiYanni, Robert. Modern American Poets: Their Voices and Visions. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Friedberg, Ruth C. American Art Song and American Poetry. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1984.
Friedberg, Ruth C., and Robin Fisher. The Selected Writings of John Duke, 1917-1984. NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 2006.
Hardenbergh, Esther Jane. “The Solo Vocal Repertoire of Richard Hundley: A Pedagogical and Performance Guide to the Published Works.” D.M.A. diss., Columbia University, 1997.
Hunter-Holly, Daniel. “A Performer’s Examination of John Musto’s Shadow of the Blues and Recuerdo.” D.M.A. diss., Ohio State University, 2007.
Kennedy, Richard S. E. E. Cummings Revisited. NY: Twayne Publishers, 1994.
Kidder, Rushworth M. E. E. Cummings: An Introduction to the Poetry. NY: Columbia University Press, 1979.
Kimball, Carol. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. WI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006.
Kozinn, Allan. “Giving Voice to Poetry, in Lee Hoiby’s Settings.” The New York Times, September 27, 1988, Arts section, New York edition.
LaGraff, Scott. “The French Songs of Lee Hoiby.” D.M.A. diss., Binghamton University, 2006.
Lassetter, Jacob Garland. “Dominick Argento’s The Andrée Expedition: A Performer’s Musical and Dramatic Analysis.” D.M.A. diss., University of Cincinnati, 2008.
McBride, Katharine Winters, ed. A Concordance to the Complete Poems of E. E. Cummings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Miller, Philip Lieson. “Untitled.” American Music 9 (1991): 326-327.
Neubert, Colleen Gray. “Lee Hoiby: His Life, His Vocal Writing Style and an Annotation of Selected Songs for High Voice with Performance Considerations.” D.M.A. diss., West Virginia University, 2003.
Rosen, Jerome. “Dramatic Music.” Notes 51 (1995): 1152-1153.
Sadie, Stanley, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol.1 & 11, 2nd ed. NY: Grove’s Dictionaries, 2001.
Schmidgall, Gary. “A Long Voyage.” Opera News (June 1986).
Smith, Jennifer and Elizabeth Thomason, ed. Poetry for Students. 12 vols. Farmington Hills, MI: The Gale Group, 2001.
Thorpe, Stephanie R. “An Examination of Vocal Music by John Musto.” D.M.A. diss., University of Nevada, 2009.
Villamil, Victoria Etnier. A Singer’s Guide to the American Art Song 1870-1980. Metuchen, NJ & London: The Scarecrow Press, 1993.
Woolfe, Zachary. “Lee Hoiby, 85; Composed Operas and Songs.” The New York Times, March 29, 2011, Arts section, New York edition.

樂譜
Argento, Dominick. Songs about Spring: A Cycle of Five Songs for Soprano and Piano. NY: Boosey & Hawkes, Inc., 1970.
Duke John. Richard Cory and Selected Songs. U.S.A.: Carl Fischer, 2002.
Hoiby, Lee. Thirteen Songs. NY: Classical Vocal Reprints, 1996.
Hundley, Richard. Ten Songs. NY: Boosey & Hawkes, 1998.
Musto, John. Collected Songs for High and Medium. NY: Peer Music Classical, 2008.

有聲資料
Musto, John: Songs. Bridge Records CD BCD9286, ⓟ 2009, ⓒ 2009.
Hundley, Richard: Under the Bluest Sky…Songs of Richard Hundley. LizzarddenRecords CD B000P25ORC, ⓟ 2007, ⓒ 2007.
Hoiby, Lee: Songs of Lee Hoiby. Albany Records CD TROY1102, ⓟ 2009, ⓒ 2009.
Argento, Dominick: Songs of Innocence. Albany Records CD TROY264, ⓟ 2009, ⓒ 2009.
Argento, Dominick: Songs Cycles by Dominick Argento. Cedille Records CD CDR90000-029, ⓟ 2010, ⓒ 2010.
Duke, John: Art Songs of John Duke. New World Records CD 80576-2, ⓟ 2002, ⓒ 2002.

網路資料
John Musto. “Errata.” johnmusto.com. www.johnmusto.com/Site/Errata.html (accessed February 24, 2009).
John Musto. “Catalogue.” johnmusto.com. http://www.johnmusto.com/Site/Catalogue.html (accessed February 24, 2009).
Lee Hoiby. “Biography.” leehoiby.com, www.leehoiby.com/brography.php (accessed August, 2002).