臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今定音鼓的演奏方式很多元，存在的身分也廣:orchestra、wind band、percussion group、solo…等等。因為筆者對於定音鼓非常有興趣，因此藉由這個題目來探討一個單純的鼓類樂器，如何從歷史的發展中，成為現今的樣貌。希望藉由此報告，能多了解定音鼓發展，並承先啟後，展望未來能開拓更多定音鼓的可能性。將以「定音鼓」此樂器出現至今，用歷史的時間概念去整理陳述，試圖將「定音鼓」從最原始的原貌一直演變至今的過程，並用不同的切入點去加以探討整理。像是棒子的選擇、演奏的方法、定音鼓本身樂器的改進、存在的角色地位、音色的處理…等等。讓定音鼓可以更有系統的被了解以及重視。

壹：序
一、研究動機……………………………………………………………1
二、研究目的……………………………………………………………1
三、研究範圍……………………………………………………………2
四、研究方法與步驟……………………………………………………2
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………3
貳：「構造」的演進………………………………………………6
1.蛻變之前的原始風貌…………………………………………………6
2.巴洛克時代 －螺栓式調音的定音鼓之誕生………………………7
3.古典時代－工業革命對於定音鼓構造的影響………………………9
4.浪漫時代－踏板式調音的發明……………………………………11
5.浪漫時期之後的發展－調音系統制度化…………………………15
參：「音色與演奏技巧」的演進……………………………21
1.Nakers的演奏方法與棒子運用……………………………………21
2.定音鼓棒的出現……………………………………………………22
3.踏板的運用…………………………………………………………24
4.音色與技巧的多元化………………………………………………27
肆：定音鼓「角色定位」的演進…………………………32
1.多變的角色………………………………………………………32
2.定音鼓在樂團……………………………………………………33
3.獨奏中的定音鼓…………………………………………………39
伍：結語…………………………………………………………50
未來發展可能性……………………………………………………50
陸：參考書目……………………………………………………52
參考網站……………………………………………………54

參考書目：
Averignos, Gerassimos. Lexikon der Pauke. Frankfurt am Main: Das Musikinstrument, 1964

Ahrens, C. echnological. The Musical Quarterly 82. Innovations in Nineteenth-Century Instrument Making and their Consequences. 1996,

Bowles, Edmund A. Timpani : A History in Pictures and Documents.: Stuyvesant Pendragon Press ©2002 28

Blades, James. Percussion Instruments and Their History.:Westport, CT: Bold Strummer, 1992

Blades, James. "Timpani." In: The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments:. London: Macmillan, 1984. Vol. 3

Blades, James, and Jeremy Montagu. Early Percussion Instruments from the Middle Ages to the Baroque.: London: Oxford University Press, 1976

Bowles, Edmund A. "The double, double, double beat of the thundering drum: The timpani in early music.": Early Music 19/3 August 1991

Bowles, Edmund A. "The kettledrum." In: Encyclopedia of Percussion: New York: Garland, 1995.

Bowles, E.A. the Origin of the Keyboard Mechanism in the Late Middle Ages.:Technology and Culture 1966

Bowles, E.A. nineteenth-Century Innovations in the Use and Construction of the Timpani:.Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society 6-7 1980

Dahlquist, Rome Notes on the Early Valve.: Galpin Society Journal 33 1980

Good, E.M. Giraffes, Black Dragons, and Other Pianos: A Technological History from Cristofori to the Modern Concert Grand. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1982.
Kirby, Percival Robson. The Kettledrums: A Book for Composers, Conductors, and Kettledrummers.: London: Oxford University Press, 1930

James Blades.: Percussion Instruments and Their History. :White Plains,New York

Tabourot.: Historic Percussion--A Survey. Austin, TX: Tactus Press, 1994

Tabourot. :Royall Drummes & Martiall Musick. Austin, TX: Tactus Press, 1993.

Taylor, Henry W. :The Art and Science of the Timpani.: London:John Baker, 1964