臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一新型可調式電荷泵浦電路，用以驅動多顆白光LED。一般普遍LED驅動電路使用電感作為儲能元件，但電感有體積較大、成本較高、電磁干擾(Electro Magnetic Interference)等不利因素。因此應用只有電容作為儲能元件的電荷泵浦電路，電荷泵浦電路具有體積小且較低成本的優勢，可取代電感型LED驅動電路。然而傳統式電荷泵浦大多是沒有調節功能，使得輸出電壓不夠穩定，輸出電流不夠精確。所以本論文利用輸出回授設計去調節電荷泵浦充電電壓，並用P型電晶體做為電荷轉移開關(charge transfer switch)跟精確度電流源電路，用以改善電荷泵浦的輸出電流的精確度與輸出電壓的穩定性，並且可以藉由三組數位碼使輸出電壓保持在四個電位之下，來增加了電荷泵浦的作為LED驅動電路的優勢。

本研究晶片是透過國家晶片系統設計中心(National Chip Implementation Center)所以提供之製程服務，使用TSMC 0.25μm CMOS High Voltage Mixed Signal General Purpose IIA Based BCD 2.5/5/7/12/20/24/40/45/60V的製程技術來完成高電壓電荷泵浦電路。能夠在輸出電流20mA的情況下，將5V的輸入電壓轉換成30V、24V、18V、12V等電壓輸出，並可在1.45ms內達到穩態值，其最大轉換效率為71%，晶片面積為1.9×1.4"m" "m" ^"2" 。在電路模擬方面，利用HSPICE進行模擬，其模擬結果符合預期結果。

This study presents a new regulated charge pump circuit for driving multiple white LEDs. Most of the LED driver circuits use inductors for energy storage, but inductors have some disadvantages, including large size, high cost and electromagnetic interference. Therefore, a charge pump circuit that only uses capacitors for energy storage is applied in study. The charge pump circuit has many advantages, surch as small size, low cost and no electromagnetic interference, so it can totally replace the LED driver with inductors. However, most of the traditional charge pumps has no regulatory function, which made the output voltage unstable and output current has not precise enough. This study uses feedback circuit to control the charging voltage, and it also uses a precise current source circuit and a P-type transistor as charge transfer switch, which can enhance the accuracy of output voltage and the stability of output current. The feedback circuit could hold the output voltage with three digital code under four potentials, which makes the charge pump as a LED driver has more advantages.

The chip was patronized by National Chip Implementation Center(CIC), and used

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.25μm CMOS High Voltage Mixed Signal General Purpose IIA Based BCD 2.5/5/7/12/20/24/40/45/60V process to implement the High voltage charge pump circuit, which can converse the 5V input voltage to 30V, 24V, 18V and 12V output voltage under the 20mA output current, and reach steady-state in 1.45ms. The efficiency of high voltage charge pump circuit is 71% and the die area of the proposed chip is 1.9×1.4"m" "m" ^"2" . In circuit simulation, we apply for HSPICE, and the simulation results is our expected.

中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

誌謝 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv

表目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi

圖目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii

一、 緒論----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.1 研究背景----------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.2 研究動機與目的-------------------------------------------------------- 2

1.3 升壓型LED 驅動電路簡介------------------------------------------ 4

1.3.1 電感型 DC/DC 升壓轉換器(Boost Converter)------------------- 4

1.3.2 電壓式電荷泵浦(Voltage Mode Charge Pump)------------------- 7

1.3.3 電流式電荷泵浦(Current Mode Charge Pump)-------------------- 9

1.4 論文架構----------------------------------------------------------------- 11

二、 可調式白光LED驅動系統------------------------------------------- 12

2.1 全系統架構及流程規劃----------------------------------------------- 12

2.2.1 高電壓電荷泵浦電路-------------------------------------------------- 13

2.2.2 NMOS及PMOS二極體開關的差異-------------------------------- 17

2.3 精確電流源電路(Precise Current Source)-------------------------- 24

2.4 非重疊時脈電路(Non-overlapping clock generator)-------------- 32

三、 回授控制電路----------------------------------------------------------- 34

3.1 電路架構與說明-------------------------------------------------------- 34

3.2 線性緩衝器(Linear Buffer)------------------------------------------- 36

3.3 數位電位器(Digitally Controlled Potentiometer)------------------ 37

3.4 類比比較器-------------------------------------------------------------- 39

3.5 閂鎖器電路-------------------------------------------------------------- 40

四、 電路模擬與量測考量-------------------------------------------------- 41

4.1 可調式白光LED驅動電路佈局考量------------------------------- 41

4.2 可調式白光LED驅動電路模擬------------------------------------- 42

4.2.1 輸出電壓模擬----------------------------------------------------------- 42

4.2.2 輸出電流模擬----------------------------------------------------------- 49

4.2.3 轉換效率----------------------------------------------------------------- 54

4.3 量測考量----------------------------------------------------------------- 57

五、 結論與未來展望-------------------------------------------------------- 58

5.1 結論----------------------------------------------------------------------- 58

5.2 未來展望----------------------------------------------------------------- 58

參考文獻 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60

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