臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究擬針對高層建築群體密集城市環境為研究對象，考量城市建築配置、建築紊流擾動、風場條件等因素，建立典型四棟2×2排列之建築模型以評估建築週遭風力潛能，其中型式包括：(A)迎風面為兩棟平行矩形建築的阻擋陣列結構，再改變與上游建築物不同間距以比較其氣流場分佈；(B)迎風面建築物90度夾角排列形成擴散通道，分析文丘里效應(Venturi effect)是否達成上游建築擴散通道設計可獲致更佳氣流集中效果。本文應用計算流體力學數值模擬提出高層建築群體助益於強化和聚集風力的構型設計以實現最大化風能利用。隨後檢視風能密度、紊流強度以分析風力發電潛能與適合風機設置地點，模擬結果顯示上游建築平行排列於高層建築接近屋頂處因通道集風加速，而呈現更好的風能延伸效果，又以上游建築通道間距越大，致使下游建築通道有較佳的風能潛力結果，但產生最佳風能密度之建築配置受建物本身邊緣尖角構型導致紊流強度較大，故未來可藉由角隅氣動優化方法，以邊緣斜角、圓角化為設計目標以降低紊流強度，達成氣流集中加速之建築配置，為城市規劃及高層建築/風能利用提供設計參考。

This study proposes the high-rise building complex configuration to facilitate the concentration effect for acceleration of the wind flow in a highly urbanized area with consideration of the urban space allocation, turbulence disturbances associated with buildings. We first examine the integrated wind energy buildings to analyze the features including the layout of high-rise building complex and open flow channel between two buildings for wind power generation. We construct a 2×2 array pattern of typical high-rise buildings, including Case A: Two parallel rectangular building blocks are added to the windward side to develop a typical 2x2 array structure. We then change the gap spacing of upstream buildings to probe the wind flow across the upstream and downstream passages. Case B: The rotating configuration of windward buildings forms a divergent channel with an intersected angle of 90, inducing the “Venturi effect” to attain better airflow concentration effect for making full use of wind energy. We conduct the CFD simulations to assess the wind power density and turbulence intensity results to determine the appropriate sites for turbine installation. The simulation results of wind power density reveal that parallel passages have a higher wind concentration effect as compared to the case of diverging passages at a height near the roof of upstream high-rise buildings. With an increase in gap distance of upstream passages, we can observe the better performance of wind power density in downstream buildings. However, the sharp corner design can also result in high turbulence intensities, which are unsuitable for turbine installation. It is therefore to replace the sharp corner with the chamfered or rounded corners for attaining better airflow concentration effect with low turbulence intensities for making full use of wind energy. The results of improved high-rise building layouts can realize the best wind concentration outcomes for wind energy utilization.

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 CFD應用於建築風環境評估 3
1.2.2 城市建築風機之發展 4
1.2.3 建築配置及設計之風能潛力 5
1.3 研究目的 7
1.4 研究方法 9
第二章 數值模擬理論分析 11
2.1 基本假設與統御方程式 11
2.1.1 統御方程式 11
2.1.2 標準k-ε紊流模式 11
2.2大氣邊界層理論 12
2.2.1 大氣邊界層之風速剖面 18
2.3 數值方法 20
第三章 CFD模擬分析流程 22
3.1 計算模型說明 22
3.2 CFD網格建立 23
3.3 邊界條件 24
3.4 建築配置模擬案例 25
第四章 結果與討論 27
4.1 網格獨立性測試 27
4.2 計算模型驗證分析 28
4.3 建築通道間之速度場模擬分析 31
4.3.1 建築物平行排列之影響 31
4.3.2 建築物夾角排列之影響 34
4.4 建築通道間之風能密度模擬分析 36
4.4.1 建築物平行排列之影響 36
4.4.2 建築物夾角排列之影響 38
4.5 建築通道間之紊流強度模擬分析 40
4.5.1 建築物平行排列之影響 40
4.5.2 建築物夾角排列之影響 42
4.6 建築配置之風能潛勢評估 44
第五章 結論 52
參考文獻 53
符號彙編 60

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