臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

音樂作品隨著時代及聽眾階層的改變，從十八世紀的體材格式工整，內容嚴謹對稱到十九世紀的浪漫自由，表達強烈自我意識。當時從演奏家到作曲家都推動了新的藝術理想，將傳奇、虛幻、不真實，這種被稱作「富有浪漫感覺」（Romantic）的元素融入音樂作品當中，而本論文探討的「模糊性」創作手法為富有浪漫感覺其中最關鍵的要素。
本文共五個章節，第一章「布拉姆斯生平簡述及創作分期」，研究布拉姆斯在生命中重要之轉捩點及不同時期的創作風格，並了解其轉變原因。第二章「布拉姆斯《G大調第一號小提琴奏鳴曲》作品78之創作特色」，先將貫穿全曲的動機及主題個別研究，再對所有樂章作曲家所營造出的風格及音響效果進行深入的討論，最後再對特殊的節奏創作手法進行詳盡解說。第三章「樂曲背景及架構」，作者先著重在布拉姆斯室內樂作品上的特色，並追溯其作品的背景，之後更是仔細的探究其動機使用及節奏的變化方式。第四章「複節奏樂段」，作者將討論作曲家將樂曲中的樂段分成三比二及三對二手法，更依性質再將其分類。第五章「結論」，此章節是對全文進行總結，並包含寫做論文過程中所得到的收穫。

With the change of the time and the audience classes, music works have been changing from well-organized and rigorous symmetrical in the 18th century to romantic freedom and expressing strong self-consciousness in the 19th century. In the 19th century, both the performer to the composer promoted the new artistic ideals, incorporating legendary, fantasy and unreal, these elements called "romantic" into music works. In this thesis, the author will discuss the "ambiguous" compositional technique which is the most important element of the romantic music works.
This thesis includes five chapters. In the first chapter, "An Outline of Brahms’ Life and Compositional Periods", which explore that Brahms’ important turning points in his life and his compositional style in different periods of his life. Moreover, the author will discuss what’s the reasons for his change. "The Compositional Feature of Brahms sonata for piano and violin No. 1 in G major, op. 78" is the second chapter. The author will analyze the main motivation and the theme of this work, and then discuss more detailly of the style and sound effects created in all three movements. Finally, the author will illustrate the special rhythm and unique compositional technique. Thirdly, " The Background and Structure ", the author will focus on the characteristics of Brahms' chamber music works and explore the background of his works at first. In addition, the author will explore the use of motivation and the change of rhythms. Fourthly, "The Polyrhythmic Period", the author will divide the sections of composition into Hemiola and triplets over duplets methods, and further classify them according to their types. Finally, "Conclusion", this chapter is a summary of this thesis, and contains the what the author learn within the process of writing this thesis.

緒論 8
一、研究動機與目的 8
二、研究範圍與方法 8
三、文獻探討 9
第一章 布拉姆斯生平簡述及創作分期 10
第一節 生平 10
第二節 創作時期 12
一、創作初期（1840-1854）12
二、成熟時期（1855-1870）13
三、黃金巔峰期（1870-1890）13
四、創作晚期（1890-1897）14
第二章 布拉姆斯《G大調第一號小提琴奏鳴曲》作品78創作特色15
第一節 藝術歌曲動機運用 15
第二節 複節奏 18
一、複節奏定義 18
二、Hemiola來源及定義 20
三、節奏張力及韻律模糊感營造 23
第三章 樂曲背景及架構 24
第一節 創作背景 24
一、室內樂創作特色 24
二、樂曲創作背景 25
第二節 貫穿全曲的動機及主題 26
一、第一樂章第一主題動機—三個音 27
二、第二樂章第一主題旋律素材 29
第四章 複節奏樂段 30
第一節 三比二（Hemiola）寫作技法 30
一、單聲部拍子結構轉換 31
二、兩聲部拍子結構同時轉換並交錯 33
三、兩聲部拍子結構不同時轉換 34
第二節 三對二創作手法 36
第五章 結語 39
參考書目 40
譜源 41

Arom, Simha (1991). African Polyphony and Polyrhythm: Musical Structure and Methodology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Avins, Styra (1997). Johannes Brahms: Life and Letters. New York: Oxford University Press.
Berger, Melvin (1990). Guide to Sonatas: Music for One or Two Instruments. Hamburg: Anchor.
Berry, Paul (2014). Brahms Among Friends: Listening, Performance, and the Rhetoric of Allusion. New York: Oxford University Press.
Frish, Walter (1990). Brahms and His World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Holmes, Paul (1992). Illustrated Lives of the Great Composers—Brahms. London: Omnibus Press.
Keys, Ivor (1974). Brahms Chamber Music. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Kimball, Carol (2005). Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Winona: Hal Leonard Corporation.
Levine, Henry (1971). Brahms Selected Work. MCMXCII: Alfred Publishing Co.
MacDonald, Malcolm (2001). Brahms. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mason, Daniel Gregory (1993). The chamber music of Brahms. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Musgrave, Michael (1994). The Music of Brahms. New York: Oxford University Press.
Niemann, Walter (1937). Brahms. New York: Tudor Publishing Company.
Pascall, Robert (1983). Brahms: Biographical, Documentary and Analytical Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Platt, Heather (2016). Johannes Brahms. New York: Routledge.
Russell, Peter (2006). Johannes Brahms and Klaus Groth: The Biography of a Friendship. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Wen, Eric (2017). Structurally Sound: Seven Musical Masterworks Deconstructed. New York: Dover Publications.