臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用電動力輔助傳統板框式壓濾脫水機，進行電脫水系統之效能研究，並在對於降低兩種生物污泥的最終污泥餅含水率的同時，對電脫水過程中生物污泥所含的鄰苯二甲酸酯類進行流布之分析，探究本電脫水系統在脫水過程中是否對於生物污泥中鄰苯二甲酸酯類有顯著去除效應。生物污泥進行瓶杯試驗後，都市下水生物污泥及事業廢水生物污泥最佳的調理藥劑與劑量分別為乳化態絮凝劑(0.03 wt%)及粉狀強陽離子型或弱陽離子型絮凝劑(0.01 wt%)。此外，本試驗過程中亦對濾液進行品質分析以及電脫水系統之溫度與電流密度量測，以期歸納出其變化對於最終污泥餅含水率抑或是污染物去除能力之影響為何。
接著利用田口式實驗設計法結合主成分分析，以最終污泥餅含水率、電動力能耗及施加電場後之濾液占總體濾液百分比做為三種品質特性，計算出兩種生物污泥之最佳操作條件。而最佳條件的驗證試驗中，都市下水生物污泥其最終污泥餅含水率及電動力能耗分別為62.62%及34.98 kWh/ton；事業廢水生物污泥部分則分別為65.64%及98.15 kWh/ton。
本試驗分析之八種鄰苯二甲酸酯類(DMP、BBP、DEP、DnBP、DEHP、DnOP、DiNP及DiDP)，其檢出率及檢出濃度因化合物的不同有極大差異，檢出率的數值為0~100%不等。樣品之檢出濃度在液相部分其濃度分布範圍為0.013~2363.0 μg/L，固體部分則在21.4~7232 μg/kg之間。接著，以檢出率100%的DnBP及DEHP計算回收率及去除率時，在都市下水生物污泥的平均去除率分別為86.95%及74.78%；事業廢水生物污泥則分別有70.93%與87.41%的平均去除率。
綜合言之，本研究利用電脫水系統進行不同生物污泥之試驗，顯示外加電場確實可有效提升污泥脫水效率，並對於其中所含之鄰苯二甲酸酯類有著去除效應，且於適當的操作條件下，可符合經濟效益亦同時兼具技術及經濟之可行性。

The objective of this study was to employ an electric field to enhance the dewatering performance of two types of biological sludge by a pilot-scale plate and frame filter press. Meanwhile, the occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the sludges was analyzed to evaluate the removal efficiencies of PAEs. Through the jar test, emulsified flocculant (0.03 wt%) and powdered strong/weak cationic flocculant (0.01 wt%) were selected as conditioning agents for biological municipal sludge (BMS) and biological industrial sludge (BIS), respectively. In addition, the quality of filtrates, varations of filtrate temperature and current densities during the dewatering process were also measured aiming to investigate the influence of these factors on removal efficiencies of PAEs.
To find out the optimal dewatering conditions for the concerned sludges, experimental designs based on the Taguchi method were adopted. The moisture content of sludge cake, energy consumption, and percentage of filtrate volume due to electrodewatering against total filtrate volume were the parameters of concern. Under the optimal conditions, the moisture contents of sludge cakes were 62.62% and 65.64% for BMS and BIS, respectively. The corresponding energy consumptions were determined to be 34.98 kWh/ton and 98.15 kWh/ton, respectively.
In this study eight PAEs (including DMP, BBP, DEP, DnBP, DEHP, DnOP, DiNP and DiDP) were analyzed. The detection frequencies and concentrations of detected PAEs were different one to another. The dectection frequencies varied from 0 to 100%. The concentrations of PAEs in the liquid phase and solid phase were in the ranges of 0.013-2363.0 μg/L and 21.4-7232 μg/kg, respectively. Due to their detection frequencies of 100%, DnBP and DEHP were selected to evaluate their recoveries and removal efficiencies during the tests. The average removal efficiencies of DnBP and DEHP were found to be 86.95% and 74.78%, respectively for BMS and 70.93% and 87.41%, respectively for BIS.
To summarize, it was obvious that the dewatering efficiencies of BMS and BIS increased when an electric field was applied. Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies of PAEs also significantly increased. It appeared that the electrodewatering process employed in this study was technically and economically feasible for various biological sludges.

聲明切結書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xv
照片目錄 xix
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 3
1.3研究內容規劃與架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 生物污泥的產生與水份分佈 8
2.2 生物污泥之調理 11
2.2.1 傳統脫水方式 20
2.2.2 改良式污泥處理方法 21
2.2.2.1超音波輔助污泥脫水 22
2.2.2.2 熱處理乾燥結合脫水設備 23
2.3 電動力法 24
2.3.1 電動力現象與原理 25
2.3.2電滲透脫水 29
2.4 鄰苯二甲酸酯類 32
2.4.1 鄰苯二甲酸酯類於環境中的流布 36
2.4.2 鄰苯二甲酸酯類的去除 38
2.5 田口式試驗設計法結合主成分分析方法尋求最佳操作條件 42
2.5.1 田口式試驗設計 43
2.5.2 主成分分析 45
第三章　試驗設備與方法 48
3.1 生物污泥來源 48
3.1.1 都市下水生物污泥 48
3.1.2 事業廢水處理廠生物污泥 49
3.2 實驗材料與設備 50
3.2.1 實驗材料 50
3.2.2 實驗設備 52
3.2.3 電動力輔助板框式壓濾脫水系統 54
3.3 研究內容 56
3.3.1 污泥調理 57
3.3.2 田口式試驗設計 59
3.3.2.1 品質特性 60
3.3.2.2控制因子 60
3.3.2.3 田口式直交表選定 62
3.3.3濾液品質分析方法 66
3.3.3.1樣品前處理 66
3.3.3.2分析儀器 67
3.4其他試驗及分析方法 70
第四章 結果與討論 71
4.1 生物污泥基本特性分析 71
4.2 生物污泥化學調理 72
4.2.1都市下水生物污泥 73
4.2.2事業廢水生物污泥 74
4.3 板框式壓濾脫水部分之前驅試驗結果 76
4.4 生物污泥脫水試驗結果及實驗後產物之品質分析 77
4.4.1生物污泥脫水試驗之總濾液通量及總累積流量 78
4.4.2生物污泥脫水試驗之濾液pH值 83
4.4.3生物污泥脫水試驗之濾液導電度 87
4.4.4生物污泥脫水試驗之濾液及污泥餅溫度 91
4.4.5生物污泥脫水試驗之電流密度變化 98
4.4.6生物污泥脫水試驗其進料與出料之回收率 102
4.5 田口式實驗設計方法結合主成分分析求最佳操作條件 104
4.5.1都市下水生物污泥 104
4.5.2事業廢水生物污泥 112
4.6最佳試驗操作條件確認試驗 119
4.7生物污泥脫水試驗產物中所含之鄰苯二甲酸酯類流布調查 125
4.7.1 都市下水生物污泥脫水試驗 125
4.7.2事業廢水生物污泥試驗 133
4.7.3兩種不同生物污泥經電脫水試驗後產物中鄰苯二甲酸 酯類流布調查之綜合結果 138
4.8 經濟可行性評估 141
4.8.1都市下水生物污泥 141
4.8.2 事業廢水生物污泥 143
第五章 結論與建議 146
5.1 結論 146
5.1.1 板框式壓濾電脫水系統對於不同生物污泥脫水效能 146
5.1.2板框式壓濾電脫水系統中鄰苯二甲酸酯類流布 148
5.2 建議 149
參考文獻 150

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