臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

桃園─新竹以北一帶，臺地及丘陵地區之地形面發達且特徵多樣，其地質構造已有概略性的認識，故本研究選擇此地區為一案例研究，從地形及構造地質的角度切入，運用近年來新興之地理資訊系統（GIS）及數值地形模型（DEM），配合地下構造的文獻整理及研究，重新觀察與討論桃園至新竹以北一帶，平原與丘陵地區的活動構造地形；並利用構造系統的概念，對研究地區的新期構造運動作一整體性的解釋。
從地形觀察結果得知，桃園─新竹以北的臺地群，由南到北可分為五個主要的地形面形成時期，反應古大漢溪由南向北順時鐘遷徙的過程。而其上之構造地形則依其走向，區分為兩組地形群組：群組（一）及群組（二）。群組（一）約略呈東北東走向，包括了四組主要的構造線形崖。根據一條重建的地質剖面與崖坡形態觀察，該四組主要地形崖皆導因於兩個對衝的「盲斷層─褶皺」活動系統的褶皺變形作用，並由於兩翼變形行為不同而產生緩陡不等的地形崖形貌與伴生的次要反衝斷層及地形。
而群組（二）則為西北西走向，分為東、西兩不連續的地形區塊。其東、西半部似導因於兩組不同的右移斷層活動，並右移錯動量達1公里以上，形成複雜的地形特徵。
整體而言，群組（二）西半部的右移斷層系統與湖口背斜應發源於同一古正斷層系統，並向西可延伸至外海。由於此古正斷層原始的走向存在轉折，與造山後最大應力方向的夾角，在東西兩側有所不同，故形成不同性質之活動構造，並互相截切。而群組（二）東半部的右移斷層則可能延伸至石門一帶，為「大平地─新店」斷層系統的側斷坡向西延伸的結果。
值得注意是，根據在最後一期地形面上的地形實測顯示，湖口背斜在最近三萬年之中似仍有持續的活動，尚須進行更進一步的工作以犛清其構造的活躍程度。

Taoyuan─Chungli tablelands are located in the northwestern Taiwan, a transition zone between two different stress fields: extension and compression in the north and south respectively. The tablelands are composed of several different steps of river terraces developed by the paleo-Tahan River. The youngest terrace was abandoned around 30 ka when the headwater was captured by the Tanshui River that flows northeastward into Taipei basin. We use digital elevation model (DEM) in resolution of 40m and aerial photos to identify the tectonically influenced features on terrace surfaces. Two major groups of landforms were identified based on their orientations.
The first group is roughly striking ENE and comprises four main linear scarps: the Shuanglienpo, northern and southern Yangmei, as well as the Lungtan-Hsinpu. They are obviouly related to two active anticlines (the Hukou and Pingchen), indicating a long developing history of terrace deformation. Considering the corresponding structures, we suggest that they may be created by asymmetric folds, i.e., a steep forelimb and a gentle back-limb beneath. One cross-section across linear scarps is reconstructed using the idea of the reactivated normal fault and shear fault-bend fold suggested by Dr. John Suppe. The result shows two asymmetric folds “Hukou” and “Pingchen” convergent to each other. This interpretation is also supported by the geomorphology data upon these structures. As a result of limb development, four main linear scarps can be apparently explained as fold scarps, which is different from the previous interpretation that the southern Yangmei linear scarp is a fault scarp created by the supposed Hukou fault.
The second group is only distributed in the southern area of these tablelands. It is oriented WNW but relatively discontinuous. Here we found out not only linear scarps but also some complicated landforms such as pressure ridges, linear valleys, linear scarps, as well as beheaded rivers. By these features, we suggest two right-lateral faults, the western one inversed from the pre-orogeny normal fault, while the eastern one is a tear fault. The total slip of these structures is larger than 1 km base on surface observations and structure interpretations. However, due to the lack of age control in this area, so far the long-term activities of these structures remain unknown. Nevertheless, the preliminary geodetic survey on the youngest surface indicates that the Hukou anticline is still active in the last 30 ka.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 4
1.4 研究方法 4
第二章 區域概況 6
2.1 位置 6
2.2 地形與地質 8
2.2.1 概要 8
2.2.2 主要地質構造 10
2.2.3 地層 13
2.3 前人研究 16
2.3.1 地質相關研究 16
2.3.2 地形相關研究 16
2.3.3 其它相關研究 19
第三章 地形分析 22
3.1 地形面分析 22
3.1.1 主要臺地面分布 22
3.1.2 臺地面對比 27
3.2 構造地形判釋 30
3.2.1 東北東走向群組 31
3.2.2 西北西走向群組 47
3.2.3 小結 50
3.3 地形面與線性崖之線 52
3.4 數值模擬分析 54
第四章 野外調查與施測 60
4.1 野外露頭 60
4.1.1 雙連坡構造崖相關露頭 60
4.1.2 龍潭─新埔構造崖相關露頭 62
4.1.3 楊梅南構造崖相關露頭 62
4.1.4 西北西走向群組地形相關露頭 62
4.2 地形測量 66
第五章 構造分析 69
5.1 平衡剖面 69
5.2 剖面回復 79
5.3 地形特徵與地下構造對比 82
第六章 討論 86
6.1 活動構造與構造地形 86
6.1.1 褶皺─斷層系統 86
6.1.2 右移斷層系統 89
6.2 主要構造系統之關聯性 91
6.3 基底滑移面深度 92
6.4 近期構造活動性 94
6.5 構造演化 95
第七章 結論 99
參考文獻 101

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