臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本文中，我們提供一個簡單的電路來解決工業用感測器互相干擾的問題。利用二極體的靜態I-V特性建構充電與放電路徑，達到整流效果。再利用電阻與電容得到穩定的電壓，達到降低雜訊漣波的效果。經實驗證明，雖然反應時間上升，但能以極低成本的方式有效解決光電感測器互相干擾問題。本文主要分為三個部分，第一個部分將介紹光電感測器常見的規格與電氣特性。第二個部分將分析其互相干擾的原因，並介紹電路架構。第三個部分將分析此電路原理與條件，並以示波器量測波形與數值，驗證干擾抑制成效。

In this thesis, we provide a simple circuit for the purpose to solve the mutual interference of photoelectric sensor used in industry. By using diodes with static I-V characteristics to construct charge/discharge paths, to attain the effect of rectifier. Next, we can stable voltage through resistor and capacitor. Finally, use the difference between rise time and fall time is adopted for reducing noise ripple. Confirmed by the experiment, although the response time increase, but this method can solve the problem which is mutual interference and then we can get the low cost effectively. There are three parts in this thesis. First, introduce formal specifications of Photoelectric Sensor and electrical characteristics. Second, analyse the cause of mutual interference and then introduce the circuit architecture. Third, we want to dissect this circuit principle and conditions, and measure the waveform and value by the oscilloscope to verify the effect of interference immunity.

書名頁 ...........................................I
論文口試委員審定書 ..............................II
授權書 .........................................III
中文摘要.........................................IV
英文摘要 .........................................V
誌謝 ............................................VI
目錄............................................VII
圖目錄 ...........................................X
表目錄.........................................XIII
第一章 緒論 ......................................1
1.1 前言 ........................................1
1.2 研究動機 ....................................3
1.3 研究目的 ....................................4
1.4 章節概述 ....................................6
第二章 工業用光電感測器簡介 ......................7
2.1 概述 ........................................7
2.2 設計基礎架構 ................................8
2.3 常見檢測方式 ................................9
2.3.1 擴散反射式 ...............................10
2.3.2 回歸反射式 ...............................11
2.3.3 對照式 ...................................12
2.3.4 溝槽式 ...................................13
2.4 輸出類型 ...................................14
2.4.1 N型輸出 ..................................15
2.4.2 P型輸出 ..................................16
2.4.3 類比型輸出 ...............................18
2.5 其他規格 ...................................18
第三章 原因分析與解決對策 .......................22
3.1 環境光源的影響 .............................22
3.2 環境光信號的濾除方法 .......................23
3.3 互相干擾的原因分析與影響 ...................25
3.4 解決對策 ...................................27
3.5 實驗電路設計 ...............................28
3.5.1 設計架構 .................................29
3.5.2 微控制器(MCU)簡介 ........................30
3.5.3 微控制器(MCU)特性與編碼規則 ..............31
3.5.4 脈波寬度調變(PWM) ........................33
3.5.5 類比數位轉換器(ADC) ......................35
3.5.6 光源接收與發射 ...........................37
3.5.7 電路設計 .................................39
第四章 估算方法與實作驗證 .......................42
4.1 電路原理與信號變化 .........................42
4.1.1 極性限制 .................................42
4.1.2 充電路徑 .................................44
4.1.3 放電路徑 .................................45
4.2 前置條件 ...................................47
4.2.1 脈波寬度 .................................47
4.2.2 信號方向 .................................48
4.2.3 反應時間 .................................48
4.2.4 門檻設定 .................................49
4.3 雜訊估算 ...................................49
4.3.1 充放電時間比例與影響 .....................49
4.3.2 連續波形計算公式整理 .....................50
4.3.3 RC時間調整實測 ...........................52
4.3.4 降低輸入信號損失 .........................53
4.3.5 雜訊信號強度 .............................54
4.3.6 最大雜訊漣波估算 .........................57
4.4 最佳化估算步驟 .............................59
4.5 實作驗證 ...................................61
4.6 性能差異與比較 .............................63
第五章 結論與未來展望 ...........................65
參考文獻 ........................................66
附錄A 電路圖 ...................................67
附錄B 零件位置圖 ...............................68
附錄C 物料清單 .................................69
附錄D 程式碼 ...................................71

[1] S. M. Judds, Photoelectric Sensors And Controls, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1988.

[2] 光電感測器 技術解說，台灣歐姆龍股份有限公司，台灣，2018。

[3] Takex America Inc Training Manual, Rev 1.0, TAKEX America Inc., CA (2016)

[4] E3Z Compact Photoelectric Sensor with Built-in Amplifier datasheet, OMRON Corporation, Japan (2017)

[5] RL78/G10 R5F10Y16 Single-Chip Microcontrollers, Rev.1.00, Renesas Electronics Corporation, Japan (2013)

[6] TSL13T Light-to-Voltage Converters, Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Inc., Plano (2007)

[7] SFH 4258 High Power Infrared Emitter, Version 1.1, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Regensburg Germany (2014)

[8] Fluke 17B+ Digital Multimeters, Fluke Corporation., US-WA (2014)

[9] TDS2024B Digital Storage Oscilloscopes Datasheet, Tektronix, Inc., USA (2009)

[10] WSD520S Surface Mount Schottky Barrier Diodes, Rev.A, WEITRON Technology CO.,LTD., Taiwan (2005)