臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一個好的床主要目標為支撐身體，但須有分散身體突出部位所承受
高壓力之效果，使接觸介面保持較低的壓力。除此，若使脊椎維持一自然之曲線，可使周圍肌肉達到一放鬆而休息之境界，讓身體疲勞得到紓解。根據臨床醫師的認知，一個適度堅硬的床墊通常對下背痛的患者來說是有益的，而支持這項論點的科學證據卻很少。本研究擬利用有限元素法分析比較身體脊椎曲度變化與床墊彈性對脊椎內受力之交互影響。針對人體躺在床墊之過程，本研究建立不同胸腰椎曲度之二維人體軀幹與不同彈性床墊模型，模擬人體受重力自然下壓情形，分析與比較人體躺於不同彈性床墊產生的變形與受力情況，預測接觸表面之介面壓力狀況，並了解椎節內應力分布。結果發現人體軀幹模型之介面壓力與文獻之表面壓力有一致性，皆為骨盆大於胸椎。應力隨著脊椎曲度和床墊硬度的增加而上升，且胸腰椎是會相互影響，但不同脊椎曲度在較硬床墊中會有較明顯之應力變化。因此由本研究之結果建議對於床墊的選擇，除了考慮軟硬度外，還有床墊的支撐性是否良好，且需注意不同脊椎曲度的變化。選擇適合自己的床墊，不僅可防止下背痛發生，更能減少社會成本的浪費。

A good bed provided a body support which meant that it could evenly distribute the pressure on protruding parts of the body, maintain a straight spine when lying, and keep a natural S-shape to the spine in the supine
posture. If each body part received minimal pressure on skin, and muscles were properly relaxed, sleeping on the bed could efficiently release the body fatigue. Although lacking of the scientific evidence to support this point, a
firm mattress was commonly believed to be beneficial to the patients who had low-back pain, Besides, the ergonomic evaluation of the mattress was usually ignored in the previous researches. The purpose of this study was to
ergonomically evaluate the mutual interaction between human spinal curvature and the mattress firmness. Finite element models were created to simulate the condition between the human body and the mattress when lying
on the bed. The stress acting on the interface and the stress distributed inside the vertebrae was compared to understand the effects of the design variables of the mattress. The results showed that stresses increased as the spinal curvature and the firmness of the mattress. The interaction of curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine would affect the stress distribution of the spine. From the results, a suitable mattress should be benefit to the people to have a better life quality. The ability to provide a proper support of the spine was also important when selecting the mattress except the firmness of it.

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究背景..............................................1
1-2 下背痛的定義與危險因子................................5
1-2-1 下背痛的定義……………………………………………………5
1-2-2 下背痛的危險因子………………………………………………7
1-3 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………8
1-4 研究動機……………………………………………………………11
1-5 研究目的…………………………………………………………12
第二章 材料與方法……………………………………………………14
IV
2-1 研究方法流程……………………………………………………14
2-2 簡化和量測脊椎模型……………………………………………15
2-3 人體計測資料……………………………………………………15
2-4 受測者重心位置…………………………………………………17
2-5 二維人體軀幹與床墊模型之建構………………………………19
2-6 材料性質…………………………………………………………21
2-7 模型接觸面………………………………………………………21
2-8 負載與邊界條件…………………………………………………22
2-9 模型參數總結……………………………………………………22
第三章 研究結果………………………………………………………23
3-1 簡化和量測脊椎模型……………………………………………23
3-2 人體計測資料……………………………………………………25
3-3 受測者重心位置…………………………………………………27
3-4 脊椎曲度之影響…………………………………………………30
3-5 不同床墊彈性之比較……………………………………………34
3-6 收斂測試…………………………………………………………35
第四章討論……………………………………………………………36
4-1 人體重心位置之影響……………………………………………36
V
4-2 人體軀幹模型與文獻表面壓力之探討…………………………36
4-3 胸腰椎曲線反曲點之影響………………………………………38
4-4 臀部厚度之影響…………………………………………………39
4-5 脊椎曲度與應力分布之探討……………………………………40
4-6 脊椎曲度與床墊軟硬度交互作用之關係………………………41
4-7 床墊軟硬度對人體之影響………………………………………42
4-8 模型使用之限制…………………………………………………45
第五章 結論與未來工作………………………………………………46
5-1 結論………………………………………………………………46
5-2 未來工作…………………………………………………………46
參考文獻………………………………………………………………48
自述……………………………………………………………………52

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