臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

明代中期在蘇州地區崛起的吳派繪畫，自十五世紀中葉至十六世紀
中葉，一股聲勢延續九十年，在中國文人畫發展過程中扮演舉足輕重的
角色。伴隨政局穩定和工商發展，十五世紀中期後，蘇州文人充份展露
對吳中地區文化傳統的自信與自覺，在地方誌的編纂上更具體表現對本
地環境的珍愛；畫家以當地美景作為創作的風氣因而逐漸盛行，這些紀
遊山水畫，保留了畫家遊罷歸來的記趣和地理據點的特徵。如沈周的〈
蘇州山水全圖〉、〈吳中勝覽全圖〉，文徵明的〈天平紀遊圖〉、〈雨
餘春樹〉，文嘉的〈石湖秋色〉，文伯仁的〈西洞庭山圖〉，錢穀的〈
虎丘圖〉‥‥等都是畫家遊歷之後獲得創作靈感，形成熱絡的紀遊畫風
氣。依其內容可分為標示性、意向性及組合性等三種類型的紀遊繪畫。
陸治（1496-1576 ）出身儒業之家，以生性磊落及書畫才華，受宰
輔王鏊（1450-1524）所賞賜，並以聰穎工經義，著稱於鄉里。他的繪畫
風格轉變，始於王蒙式渾厚蒼鬱的筆法運用，如〈彭澤高蹤〉、〈 雪窗
見易〉、〈花谿漁隱〉，及〈仿王蒙還丹圖〉的題款中透露出他臨仿王
蒙風格的歷程。此外，陸治自一五三五年起完成〈山水圖〉、〈練川草
堂〉及〈元夜宴集圖〉均以倪瓚式的構圖為表現，而以〈雪後訪梅〉、
〈溪山仙館〉、〈三峰春色〉等圖，具體發揮倪瓚筆法風格的秀逸本色。
陸治也嘗試以宋人巨碑式或邊角構圖，揉和方勁峭利的筆法並染青綠設
色，如〈溪山餘靄〉、〈天池石壁〉、〈幽居樂事圖〉及〈林泉高致〉等
，以表現宋人繪畫風格的特色。
陸治的紀遊山水畫在文派第二代以後算是特殊的例子，其紀遊山水
畫及紀遊詩作的數量均相當可觀，並直接影響到他個人繪畫風格的典型
。他的紀遊山水畫，可分四大部份﹕第一是吳縣地區，包括〈虎丘圖〉
、〈天池石壁〉、〈支硎山居〉。第二是河流水域﹕〈大吳歌〉、〈遠
浦風帆〉、〈石湖圖〉，〈消夏灣圖〉、〈遊洞庭湖〉與〈遊太湖圖〉
。第三是白岳山﹕其〈白岳紀遊圖〉分別描繪蘇州至杭州新安江及白岳
的水陸名勝十六景。此冊頁與錢穀於一五六六年所畫的〈白岳遊圖〉，
有其可議性。第四是宜興地區﹕〈仙山玉洞〉繪張公洞景色，同時，開
創「洞穴山水」的格式，如〈采華圖〉、〈玉田圖〉、〈雲峰林谷〉、
〈采真圖〉等，以成熟穩健的筆法與構圖，顯現作者獨創的個人風格。
本論文主要探討陸治紀遊山水畫的特色，及在吳派山水畫發展中的
地位與價值。

Begining in the Mid-fifteenth century , the Suchow region
became the center of artistic activity in china . The painter
Shen Chou 沈周 and Wen Cheng-Ming文徵明 led artistic trends
for over ninety years , and their influence was still apparent
in the Ching period . The generation following in Wen Cheng-
Ming''s footsteps was filled with many talented figures .
Among them was the outstanding painter Lu Chih . Lu Chih 陸治
(1496-1576) is a natural subject for this of study . The
quality and originality of his journey paintings stand out
from those of his contemporaries, and examination them forces
us to refine our characterizations of Wu School 吳派 painting
and the nature of literati art in the later sixteenth century.
Not only is his surviving works sufficient to permit a
chronological analysis of his artistic development , but the
major stages in his journey paintings can be research . He
was particularly fond of painting records in his travels ,
for instance , " The ston cliffs at Tien-chih" " Tiger Hill"
" Song of the great land of Wu" " Journey to Chang-Kan" and
"journey to Mt. Pai-Yueh" et . Lu Chih''s greatest achievement
was increasing use of dry , light ink and forceful brushstrokes
in his journey landscape painting . His peaks , ridges , rocks
and crags are even more unique features , and Lu eventually
became the forerunner of other artists.