臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在基礎骨骼研究中，骨骼組織切片和micro CT被認為是量化骨骼微結構的兩種標準技術。micro CT由於高解析度成像與低輻射，成為骨骼形態學評估上較受歡迎的選擇。

以大鼠為樣本，應用影像量化技術，探討Micro CT參數設定對骨小樑結構的影響。對於骨小樑區域圈選的部份及方式、及閾值設定，至今沒有固定標準，在分析骨小樑結構時容易產生人因性偏差，探討人為因素對骨小樑形態參數的影響，是研究目的之一。

4隻雄性大鼠，掃描部位為右後肢，包含膝關節，掃描長度12~14cm。分別於不同時間，使用Micro CT SkyScan 1076掃描各兩次，共8組影像。骨小樑的ROI圈選方式有兩種，一為不規則ROI圈選；二為圓形ROI圈選。閾值設定也是兩種，一為自適應閾值，每組影像會有不一樣的閾值，範圍3-109；二是採用固定閾值，範圍51-255。

從結果得知，不規則ROI /自適應閾值，小樑厚度(Tb.Th) 、碎形維度(FD)與骨容量(BV/TV)，呈線性正相關；不規則ROI/固定閾值中，可以發現只有小樑間距(Tb.Sp)對骨容量(BV/TV)有影響。閾值設定是否精確對樣本有效性非常重要。由此可知不同的閾值設定對骨小樑結構的影響。

量化活體骨小樑結構，在動物試驗中使用的是micro CT；人體試驗使用的是HR-pQCT，數量稀少。Cone Beam CT或許可能提供替代方法。

In basic bone research, bone tissue sections and micro CT are considered to be two standard techniques for quantifying bone microstructure. Micro CT is a popular choice for bone morphology assessment due to its high resolution imaging and low radiation.

Taking the rat as a sample, the image quantification technique was applied to investigate the influence of Micro CT parameter setting on the trabecular bone structure. There is no fixed standard for the part and mode of trabecular bone circle selection and threshold setting. It is easy to cause humanistic deviation when analyzing the trabecular bone structure. The influence of human factors on the morphological parameters of trabecular bone is studied. One of the purposes.

Four male rats were scanned for the right hind limb, including the knee joint, and the scanning length was 12-14 cm. The Micro CT SkyScan 1076 scans images twice in different dates, for a total of 8 images. There are two ways to select the ROI of the trabecular bone, one is the irregular ROI circle selection; the other is the circular ROI circle selection. There are two threshold settings, one is the adaptive threshold, each group of images will have different thresholds, the range is 3-109; The second is to use a fixed threshold, ranging from 51-255.

It is known from the results that the irregular ROI/adaptive threshold, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), fractal dimension (FD) and bone volume (BV/TV) are linearly positively correlated; in the irregular ROI/fixed threshold, It can be found that only the trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) has an effect on bone volume (BV/TV). Whether the threshold setting is accurate is very important for sample validity. This shows the effect of different threshold settings on the trabecular bone structure.

The trabecular structure of the living body was quantified, and micro CT was used in animal experiments; HR-pQCT was used in human trials, and the number was rare. Cone Beam CT may provide an alternative.

目錄
目錄……………………………………………………………………..I

圖目錄…………………………………………………………..II
表目錄……………………………………………......................IV
中文摘要………………………………………………………………..V
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….VI
英文縮寫對照表………………………………………………...……VII

一、緒論…………………………………………………………………1
1-1研究背景……………………………………………………….1
1-2研究目的……………………………………………………….3
二、文獻回顧…………………………………………………………...5
2-1 Micro CT……………………………………………………...5
2-1-1 Beam hardening………………………………………6
2-1-2 Image Segmentation………………………………….7
2-2骨小樑形態參數……………………………………………..8
2-2-1 Percent bone volume (BV/TV)………………………9
2-2-2 Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th)…………………...9
2-2-3 Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp)………………..10
2-2-4 Trabecular number (Tb.N)……………………...10
2-2-5 Degree of anisotropy (DA)……………………..10
2-2-6 Fractal Dimension (FD)………………………...12
三、材料方法…………………………………………………………14
3-1 影像數據收集……………………………………………14
3-1-1 ROI圈選……………………………………......17
3-1-2 閾值設定……………………………………………18
3-2 統計方法……………………………………………………21
四、結果………………………………………………………………..21
五、結論…………………………………………………….………….32
六、討論…………………………………………………………….….33
七、參考文獻……………...………………………………………..35

圖目錄
圖一 骨小樑結構示意圖……………………………………………….2
圖二 Beam hardening示意圖………………………………………….7
圖三 Reconstruction設定示意圖……………………………………..15
圖四 3D影像定位示意圖…………………………………………….15
圖五 ROI 圈選示意圖……………………………………………….16
圖六 閾值設定示意圖……………………………………………….16
圖七 HU設定示意圖………………………………………………..17
圖八 不規則ROI示意圖……………………..……………………...18
圖九 圓形ROI示意圖………………………………………………18
圖十 HU分佈示意圖……………………………………………….20
圖十一 校正影像黑化度示意圖……………………………………..21
圖十二 Tb.N與BV/TV相關係數散佈圖…………………………..23
圖十三 Tb.Th與BV/TV相關係數散佈圖………………………….23
圖十四 Tb.Sp與BV/TV相關係數散佈圖………………………….24
圖十五 FD與BV/TV相關係數散佈圖…………………………….24
圖十六 Tb.N與DA相關係數散佈圖………………………………25
圖十七 Tb.Th與DA相關係數散佈圖………………………………25
圖十八 Tb.Sp與DA相關係數散佈圖………………………………26
圖十九 FD與DA相關係數散佈圖…………………………………26
圖二十 DA與BV/TV相關係數散佈圖…………………………….27
圖二十一 不同閾值下骨容量的表現……………………………….29
圖二十二 不同閾值下骨小樑密度的表現………………………….30
圖二十三 不同閾值下骨小樑厚度的表現………………………….30
圖二十四 不同閾值下骨小樑距離的表現………………………….31
圖二十五 不同閾值下骨小樑各向異性程度的表現……………….31
圖二十六 不同閾值下骨小樑碎形維度的表現……………….……32

表目錄
表一 儀器設定參數…………………………………………………..14
表二 自適應閾值表…………………………………………………..19
表三 固定閾值表…………………………………………………….19
表四 各形態參數相關性(不規則ROI /自適應閾值)……………….22
表五 ROI圈選方式與閾值設定組合與形態參數的相關性 (Tb.Th-BV/TV)………………………………………………...27
表六 ROI圈選方式與閾值設定組合與形態參數的相關性 (Tb.Sp-BV/TV)………………………………………………...28
表七 各形態參數相關性(圓形ROI/自適應閾值)…………………..28
表八 各形態參數相關性(不規則ROI/固定閾值)………………….28
表九 不規則ROI下，不同閾值形態參數的差異性………………29
表十 不同ROI/固定閾值組合形態參數的差異性…………………32

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