臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著近年來興起的能源及環境議題日益重要，節能減碳已是全球的共同議題，如何減少碳排放以及減少能源耗用量是許多國家未來的重大政策之一，為了達到節能減碳以及永續發展的目標，各國決策者需要了解國家在使用能源以及減碳效率，以做為制定環境政策的方向以及參考依據。

本研究分別以OECD會員國、APEC會員國、以及台灣四都為研究對象，研究期間為2006年至2010年，研究方法以資料包絡分析法 (data envelopment analysis, DEA) 之環境DEA技術 (Environmental DEA technology) 與SBM (slacks-based measure) 模型為基礎。研究第一部分以環境DEA模型分別探討研究對象之能源效率以及減碳效率；第二部分同時考量環境與經濟兩個面向建立環境經濟效率，並透過迴歸分析探討影響環境經濟效率之關鍵環境變數；最後以麥氏生產力指數分析探討受評國家其生產力變遷情形。

研究結果顯示，不論是對於APEC會員國或是OECD會員國而言，大部分的國家其能源效率值大於減碳效率值。為了減少二氧化碳排放量，能源效率低的國家應先提升自身之能源效率，而能源效率值高但減碳效率值低的國家應該提昇再生能源的比例以及調整產業結構。在環境經濟效率值方面，APEC會員國裡絕大多數的國家平均經濟效率大於環境效率，相反的是在OECD會員國中大多數的國家其環境效率比經濟效率還要來的高。在總生產力變遷情形上，整體從2006年至2010年期間幾乎所有國家在此期間其總生產力皆呈現進步的趨勢，而總生產力進步的來源主要來自於生產技術上的進步。

With the rise of energy and environmental issues, energy saving and carbon reduction is one of the major policies now and in the future for many countries. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, national policy-makers should know their energy efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency before making environmental policy.

The scopes of the study are APEC member countries, OECD member countries, and Taiwan's four cities during the 2006-2010 period, and we use environmental DEA technology and environmental SBM to evaluate their efficiency. The first part of this study is using environmental DEA model to evaluate the energy efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency. In the second part, we establish environmental-economic efficiency and use regression analysis to explore the key environmental variables. Finally, we use Malmquist Productivity Index to understand the change of their productivity during the study period.

The results show that the majority of the country’s energy efficiency is greater than their carbon reduction efficiency both for APEC and OECD. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, countries with energy inefficiency should first improve their energy efficiency, and countries with energy efficiency but with carbon reduction inefficiency should enhance the proportion of renewable energy sources and adjust the industrial structure. For the majority of APEC member countries, the economic efficiency is greater than their environmental efficiency, whereas the situation is reversed for OECD members. Almost all countries have improved their productivity during the study period because of the technical progress.

謝詞 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 3
第三節 研究架構與流程 4

第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 評估能源與環境效率指標 7
第二節 資料包絡分析法(DEA) 10
第三節 衡量非意欲產出之DEA模型 15
第四節 DEA應用於能源與環境效率評估 19

第三章 研究方法 27
第一節 環境DEA模型 27
第二節 環境經濟效率 29
第三節 影響環境經濟效率之關鍵指標 30
第四節 麥氏生產力指數 32
第五節 研究對象及投入產出項之選取 36

第四章 實證結果 39
第一節 敘述性統計 39
第二節 能源效率與減碳效率 43
第三節 環境經濟效率 65
第四節 影響環境經濟效率之關鍵指標 70
第五節 生產力變遷情形 73

第五章 研究結論 81
第一節 結果與討論 81
第二節 研究限制 83
第三節 未來研究建議 84

參考文獻 85
附錄一 考量產業結構對效率值的影響 91
附錄二 同時影響環境效率與經濟效率之關鍵指標 95
著作權聲明 97

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三、網路參考資料
中華民國外交部（2013）。APEC簡介。2013年5月20日。取自http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Organizations/Organizations/Organizations/?opno=e886f9c9-5223-42a5-9e53-f2dfdf4f08