臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究之目的在探討反應型界面活性劑對乳化液膜包覆效率的影響，利用葡萄糖（D-glucose）加在乳化液膜包覆系統的內相水溶液中作為追蹤劑，根據其洩漏到外相水溶液的量，可評估界面活性劑對乳化液膜系統穩定性影響的程度。
實驗規劃先探討乳液組成油相界面活性劑（Span 80）及載劑（Aliquat 336）含量對乳化液膜包覆系統之影響；再利用適量的起始劑KPS作為誘導開鍵的活性中心探討反應型界面活性劑（MS — 60、MS-2N、RMA-906、MPG-130MA）在外相水溶液中對乳膜液膜產生聚合作用之最適含量；最後再以聚合型的界面活性劑（HS-10、RN-20）及起始劑（AAP），在相同用量及操作條件下進行探討並與反應型界面活性劑的比較。
初步實驗結果發現，用來增加質傳速率的載劑Aliquat 336，由於會增加乳液的不穩定性，使乳液破裂程度增加，因此本研究在選擇乳液組成方面將不加載劑以簡化進行反應型界面活性劑效應的研究探討。在反應型界面活性劑用量方面，非離子型界面活性劑的用量雖比陰離子型用量少，但效果並不比陰離子型差，有進一步探討的價值。而在起始劑的比較方面，KPS的作用比AAP的效果好；另外反應型界面活性劑的包覆效率，整體而言均比聚合型界面活性劑來的好。在數據分析方面，選擇以上升指數到最大值之迴歸方程處理。在擇取適當數據後，經由圖形顯示，可得到界面活性劑反應所需的最短時間，亦可藉由此方程式求得在聚合後葡萄糖的洩漏程度，進一步可評估界面活性劑對乳化液膜穩定性的影響。

The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the reactive surfactants on the encapsulation efficiency of the emulsion liquid membrane（ELM） system. D-glucose was intentionally added into the internal phase in the ELM system as a tracer for its breakage. According to the leakage amount of D-glucose from the internal phase to the external phase, the effects of different reactive surfactants on the stability of the ELM systems were evaluated.
Firstly, the effects of oil soluble surfactant （Span 80） and carrier （Aliquat 336） were extentively studied to find the optimum composition of emulsion in the ELM system. Secondly, the optimum amounts of each reactive surfactant （MS-60, MS-2N, RMA-906, and MPG-130MA）in the external phase were determined. KPS was used as an initiator in this study. Finally, under the optimum conditions, the effects of initiators and different kinds of polymerizable surfactants and reactive surfactants on the encapsulation efficiencies of the ELM systems were examined.
From the preliminary results of the study, it is found that carrier（Aliquat 336）, which was used for improving the mass transfer rate of the system, makes the emulsion droplets unstable and increases the leakage of the internal phase. Therefore, no carrier was added into the emulsion in the rest of experiments to simplify the parametric studies in the ELM system. It is found that, among the reactive surfactants, the effect of nonionic sur- factant is superior to that of anionic surfactant and deserves to further studied. It is also found that initiator KPS is more effect- tive than AAP in the system studied. Surprisingly, com- paring the two kinds of surfactants used in the ELM system, reactive surfactants give better encapsulation efficiency than that of polymerizable surfactants.
In data analysis aspect, empirical exponential rise equation was adopted to curve fit all of the experimental data. After some mathematical manupulations, the minimum polymerization time and that the leakage of D-glucose of each system was deter- mined. Accordingly, the effects of reactive surfactants on the encapsulation efficiency in the ELM system were evaluated

目錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅷ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅹ
第一章緒論……………………………………………………………1
1-1前言……………………………………………………………… 1
1-2文獻回顧………………………………………………………… 4
1-3本論文的研究目的及大綱……………………………………… 7
第二章原理……………………………………………………………8
2-1乳化液膜包覆系統……………………………………………… 8
2-1-1定義………………………………………………………………8
2-1-2界面活性劑………………………………………………………9
2-1-3載劑…………………………………………………………… .13
2-1-4起始劑…………………………………………………………. 15
2-1-5乳化液膜包覆統之優缺點…………………………………… .16
2-2乳化液膜界面聚合原理……………………………………… .17
2-3醣類分析原理………………………………………………… .18
第三章實驗方法及步驟……………………………………………19
3-1實驗藥品與儀器………………………………………………… 19
3-2葡萄糖檢量線…………………………………………………… 20
3-3酚的配製………………………………………………………… 21
3-4分光光度計分析………………………………………………… 21
3-4-1吸收度測試及校正…………………………………………… 21
3-5乳液條件（Span 80，Aliquat 336）對乳化液膜包覆效率之影響的實驗步驟…………………………………………………… 22
3-6反應型界面活性劑含量對乳化液膜包覆效率影響的實驗步驟……………………………………………………………23
3-7起始劑對乳化液膜包覆效率之影響的實驗步驟…………… 24
第四章葡萄糖檢量線及吸收度修正實驗結果…………………26
4-1前言……………………………………………………………26
4-2葡萄糖檢量線…………………………………………………… 27
4-3吸收度校正實驗結果…………………………………………… 27
第五章反應型界面活性劑用量對乳化液膜包覆系統之實驗結果與討論………………………………………………………… 31
5-1前言……………………………………………………………… 31
5-2乳液組成對乳化液膜包覆系統的實驗結果…………………… 31
5-3反應型界面活性劑對乳化液膜包覆系統之實驗結果………… 35
第六章界面聚合作用對乳化液膜葡萄糖包覆系統包覆效率影響之實驗結果…………………………………………………… 42
6-1前言……………………………………………………………… 42
6-2陰離子性與非離子性界面活性劑對乳化液膜葡萄糖包覆系統包覆效率影響之實驗結果………………………………………… 43
6-3以迴歸曲線分析反應型及聚合型界面活性劑對乳化液膜葡萄糖包覆系統包覆效率之結果討論………………………………….47
6-3-1前言…………………………………………………………… 47
6-3-2實驗結果圖形分析…………………………………………..…48
6-3-3以上升指數迴歸方程分析實驗結果…………………………..50
6-3-4以二次多項式迴歸方程分析結果……………………………..51
6-3-5數據擇取迴歸後之結果分析與討論…………………………51
6-3-6轉速不同對實驗數據做兩段式上升指數迴歸分析…………57
第七章結論與展望………………………………………………… 65
7-1結論……………………………………………………………… 65
7-2展望……………………………………………………………… 67
參考文獻……………………………………………………………68

圖目錄
圖1-1 界面活性劑之結構圖…………………………………………2
圖1-2 葡萄糖結構圖…………………………………………………2
圖2-1 W/O/W型乳液（Multiple Emulsion）製作法………………9
圖2-2 Span 80界面活性劑結構式…………………………………12
圖2-3 Polyoxylethlene alkyether和Polyoxyethlene alkyphenyl
ether ammonium sulfate 結構………………………………12
圖2-4 反應型界面活性劑結構圖……………………………………14
圖2-5 乳化液膜界面聚合原理示意圖………………………………17
圖4-1 葡萄糖檢量線…………………………………………………27
圖4-2 吸收度修正圖…………………………………………………30
圖5-1 Span 80用量比較圖…………………………………………32
圖5-2 載劑用量比較圖………………………………………………34
圖5-3 MS-60用量比較圖……………………………………………37
圖5-4 MS-2N用量比圖…………………………………………… 37
圖5-5 RMA-906用量比圖………………………………………… 39
圖5-6 MPG-130MA用量比圖…………………………………… 39
圖5-7 界面張力-濃度曲線與界面活性劑之溶解狀態……………..40
圖5-8 反應型界面活性劑最佳用量比較圖…………………………41
圖6-1 陰離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑最佳用量比較圖………44
圖6-2 非離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑最佳用量比較圖………46
圖6-3 加起始劑實驗結果假想圖……………………………………48
圖6-4 不加起始劑實驗結果假想圖……..………………………..…48
圖6-5 上升指數迴歸圖..………………………………………..……50
圖6-6 陰離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑迴歸圖…….…………...52
圖6-7 非離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑迴歸圖…………………53
圖6-8 線性迴歸預測圖..…………..………..………..………………58
圖6-9 兩段式陰離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑迴歸圖……...….59
圖6-10 兩段式非離子反應型及聚合型界面活性劑迴歸圖………..60









表目錄
表4-1 吸收度測試結果………………………………………………28
表4-2 吸收度修正數據表……………………………………………29
表5-1 Span 80佔油相比重結果表…………………………………..32
表5-2 載劑用量結果表………………………………………………33
表5-3 陰離子反應型界面活性劑用量表……………………………36
表5-4 非離子反應型界面活性劑用量表……………………………38
表6-1 界面活性劑用量表……………………………………………42
表6-2 陰離子界面活性劑最佳用量比較表…………………………43
表6-3 非離子界面活性劑最佳用量比較表…………………………45
表6-4 KPS數據擇取迴歸後數據分析結果…...…………………….55
表6-5 AAP數據擇取迴歸後數據分析結果….......…………………55
表6-6 不加起始劑反應型及聚合型界面活性與Span 804wt%之迴歸
結果……………………………………………………………56
表6-7 轉速不同KPS作用下上升指數迴歸數值分析表………......61
表6-8 轉速不同AAP作用下上升指數迴歸數值分析表………….61
表6-9 轉速不同不加起始劑上升指數迴歸數值分析表……………61
表6-10 轉速不同KPS作用下線性迴歸數值分析表………………..63
表6-11 轉速不同AAP作用下線性迴歸數值分析表………...……..63
表6-12 轉速不同不加起始劑作用下線性迴歸數值分析表……..…63

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