臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鐵線蕨（Adiantum capillus-veneris)多數孢子都在環帶(annulus)內發芽，無菌播
種配子體僅分化藏精器(antheridia)；播種於無土介質則有藏精器和藏卵器分化。腎蕨（
Nephrolepis auriculata)配子體翼緣和孢子體葉緣及葉柄被有圓柱狀單細胞毛茸(tricho
me)。此二種蕨類以無菌播種和無土介質播種皆可產生孢子體。
鐵線蕨無菌播種以MS培養基處理者發芽率（82.5%）最高。配子體以添加2%蔗糖的MS
培養基可快速增殖，活性碳添加抑制早期配子體增殖，但延緩其褐化速度。組織培養配子
體播於介質50天可產生孢子體，比直接播種孢子體出現時間早38天。
日/夜溫25/20℃最適合鐵線蕨和腎蕨配子體與孢子體幼苗的生長發育。各溫度處理播
種6個月後都有孢子體產生。25/20℃處理鐵線蕨播種88天後形成孢子體；而腎蕨播種60天
後孢子體出現，鐵線蕨幼苗生長增加的葉數、葉面積和鮮乾重皆顯著高於其他溫度處理，
低溫（15/13℃）葉色轉紅有寒害情形產生。腎蕨在較低溫（20/15℃）葉綠素含量和鮮乾
重都最高，但葉面積25/20℃處理最佳，高溫（35/30℃）小羽葉會捲曲無法展開有畸形葉
的產生。密葉鐵線蕨以25/20℃和20/15℃地上部鮮乾重最重，葉片數和葉面積最大，在25
/20℃和20/15適宜的生長溫度下，產生孢子囊的葉數較多。 每週1次全
量Johnson''s solution對密葉鐵線蕨生長最佳。腎蕨每週1次1/4~1/2 Johnson''s solutio
n處理生長最好，地上部鮮乾重、最長葉長、小羽葉面積、小羽葉厚度、匍匐莖長度、葉
數和葉面積表現最佳。 隨著光度（0.6~6.7 MJ/m2‧d）增加，
腎蕨、鐵線蕨和密葉鐵線葉片數和小羽葉厚度增加。高光（5.9MJ/m2‧d）下腎蕨和鐵線
蕨葉數和葉面積增加最多，鐵線蕨孢子囊葉片數亦最多，約19片葉數之植株具形成孢子囊
群的能力。栽培光度建議腎蕨遮陰19％，鐵線蕨19~53%遮陰；密葉鐵線蕨61％遮陰。
低光(0.6MJ/m2d)栽培環境生長的
密葉鐵線蕨最大光合作用值約為2.9μ mol/m2s,比高光(5.9MJ/m2d)栽培的植株(5.8μ mo
l/m2s)小，光補償點和光飽和點亦小於高光環境下生長的植株。低光栽培的密葉鐵線蕨擺
放室內觀賞期較長，葉片較不易枯萎，61~82%遮陰環境栽培的植株對室內觀賞品質最佳,
可室內擺設3個月以上。

Morphometry of spore germination and gametophyte development in Adiantum capil
lus-veneris and Nephrolepis auriculata were measured by using steromicroscope
and dissecting microscope. Most of the spores were observed to germinate withi
n the same annulus. In A. capillus-veneris, the antheridia mixed with archegon
ia on the cushion were seen in vivo; gametophytes while only antheridia were p
roduced from in vitro. There were numerous single-celled trichome on the margi
n and both surfaces of the gametophytes in Nauriculata. Both in vivo and in vi
tro culture, the sporophytic fronds were developed from the underside of the g
ametophytes in A. capillus-veneris and N. auriculata.
The greatest spore germination of A. capillus-veneris was recorded to be 8
2.5% in MS medium. A rapid and mass increase in gametophyte was produced in MS
medium supplemented with 2% sucrose. Gametophytes were not browning with the
addition of activated charcoal after 6 months'' subculture. It required 50 days
after in vitro transfer of gametophytes to spororphtic frond visibility in so
illess. This shortened the time from spore sowing to sporophyte visibility by
38 days, as compared to direct sowing in the soiess medium. Ef
fects of temperature and mineral nutrition were also studied on growth of N. a
uriculata, A. capillus-veneris and Adiantum raddianum cv. Fritz-Luethii grown
in phytotron and natural greenhouse condition. The greatest gametophyte and sp
orophyte growth in N. auriculata and A. capillus-veneris were at day/night tem
perature of 25/20℃. Plants of A. raddianum cv. Fritz-Luethii treated at 25/20
℃ also produced more frond numbers, number of frond with sori and frond area.
A full strength of Johnson''s solution proced good growth of A. raddianum cv.
Fritz-Luethii, as compared with quarter to a half strength for N. auriculata.
The frond area of
the N. auriculata and A. capillus-veneris increased as the light level increas
ed from 0.6 to 5.9MJ/m2d. The optimum shadings were 19% for N. auriculata, 19-
53% for A. capillus-veneris and 61-81% for A. raddianum cv. Fritz-Luethii. A.
raddianum cv. Fritz-Luethii produced from 61 to 81% shadings resulted in bette
r interior performance quality.